Background: Although novel agents have changed the treatment landscape of multiple myeloma (MM), cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens continue to have a role in aggressive or rapidly progressive disease. In such cases, our institution has utilized a hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide regimen (termed mCAD), similar to hyper-CVAD, in which vincristine is omitted or replaced with a proteasome inhibitor (PI), either bortezomib or carfilzomib. On occasion, doxorubicin is also omitted because of patient history and provider preference.
Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of adult patients with MM receiving mCAD regimens at our institution between 2012 and 2016 and analyzed utilization patterns, toxicity profiles, and clinical outcomes.
Results: A total of 131 patients received mCAD, including 9% for newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), 18% attempting to optimize response to frontline therapy (OPT-MM), and 73% for treatment of relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). Renal dysfunction was common; 31% had estimated glomerular filtration rate < 50 mL/min and 14% were dialysis dependent. The overall response rate was 83%, 63%, and 67% with a median progression-free survival of 17.4, 23.7, and 4.2 months, respectively, for NDMM, OPT-MM, and RRMM. Median overall survival was not reached for NDMM or OPT-MM, and was 15.2 months for RRMM. Most patients (90%) bridged to subsequent therapy, including 32% who proceeded to autologous transplantation. Hematologic, infectious, and cardiac toxicities were common and were similar to those expected for cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Conclusion: mCAD regimens were safe and active across patient groups, including patients with renal dysfunction. Most patients were able to bridge to subsequent therapy.
Keywords: Bortezomib; Carfilzomib; Chemotherapy; Renal failure; Renal insufficiency.
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.