Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis

Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 24;21(15):5254. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155254.

Abstract

Sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) has been attracting much attention these days because of the close linkage to adverse outcomes. LC can be related to secondary sarcopenia due to protein metabolic disorders and energy metabolic disorders. LC is associated with profound alterations in gut microbiota and injuries at the different levels of defensive mechanisms of the intestinal barrier. Dysbiosis refers to a state in which the diversity of gut microbiota is decreased by decreasing the bacterial species and the number of bacteria that compose the gut microbiota. The severe disturbance of intestinal barrier in LC can result in dysbiosis, several bacterial infections, LC-related complications, and sarcopenia. Here in this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between sarcopenia and dysbiosis in patients with LC.

Keywords: dysbiosis; gut–liver axis; liver cirrhosis; sarcopenia; skeletal muscle.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Infections* / etiology
  • Bacterial Infections* / metabolism
  • Bacterial Infections* / microbiology
  • Bacterial Infections* / pathology
  • Dysbiosis* / etiology
  • Dysbiosis* / metabolism
  • Dysbiosis* / microbiology
  • Dysbiosis* / pathology
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
  • Humans
  • Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism
  • Intestinal Mucosa / microbiology
  • Intestinal Mucosa / pathology
  • Liver Cirrhosis* / complications
  • Liver Cirrhosis* / metabolism
  • Liver Cirrhosis* / microbiology
  • Liver Cirrhosis* / pathology
  • Sarcopenia* / etiology
  • Sarcopenia* / metabolism
  • Sarcopenia* / microbiology
  • Sarcopenia* / pathology