Apocarotenoids profiling in different Capsicum species

Mariosimone Zoccali; Daniele Giuffrida; Fabio Salafia; Francesca Rigano; Paola Dugo; Monica Casale; Luigi Mondello

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127595

Apocarotenoids profiling in different Capsicum species

Food Chem. 2021 Jan 1:334:127595. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127595. Epub 2020 Jul 18.

Authors

Mariosimone Zoccali¹, Daniele Giuffrida², Fabio Salafia³, Francesca Rigano⁴, Paola Dugo⁵, Monica Casale⁶, Luigi Mondello⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: mzoccali@unime.it.
² Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: dgiuffrida@unime.it.
³ Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: fsalafia@unime.it.
⁴ Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: frigano@unime.it.
⁵ Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: pdugo@unime.it.
⁶ Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16148 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: casale@difar.unige.it.
⁷ Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98166 Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: lmondello@unime.it.

PMID: 32711277
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127595

Abstract

The present study report on the application of an on line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole/mass spectrometry methodology to the first apocarotenoids profiling of seventeen different chilli peppers cultivars belonging to Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum and Capsicum chinense species. A total of 19 free apocarotenoids and 8 apocarotenoids fatty acid esters were identified; β-Apo-8'-carotenal and Apo-8'-zeaxanthinal were also quantified and the β-Apo-8'-carotenal occurrence was in the percentage ranges relative to β-carotene of 0.03-3.87%. PCA was performed as a multivariate display method on the quantified carotenoids and apocarotenoids, in order to visualize the data structure. Moreover, different ε-apoluteinals and 4-oxo-apo-β-carotenals were detected in Capsicum species also for the first time and, to the best of authors knowledge, in any food matrix.

Keywords: Apocarotenoids; Capsicum; Chilli peppers; PCA; SFE-SFC-APCI/QqQ/MS.

MeSH terms

Capsicum / chemistry*
Carotenoids / analysis*
Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / methods
Food Analysis / methods
Food Analysis / statistics & numerical data
Fruit / chemistry
Mass Spectrometry / methods
Principal Component Analysis
beta Carotene / analysis

Substances

beta-apo-8'-carotenal
beta Carotene
Carotenoids