High intensity interval training improves diabetic cardiomyopathy via miR-1 dependent suppression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic rats

Maryam Delfan; Mahmoud Delphan; Mohammd Reza Kordi; Ali Asghar Ravasi; Majid Safa; Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee; Ahmad Fatemi; Fatemeh Bandarian; Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani

doi:10.1007/s40200-019-00485-0

High intensity interval training improves diabetic cardiomyopathy via miR-1 dependent suppression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic rats

J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020 Jan 28;19(1):145-152. doi: 10.1007/s40200-019-00485-0. eCollection 2020 Jun.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
³ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁷ Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
⁸ Department Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
⁹ Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰ Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th floor, Shariati Hopital, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: Diabetes and its complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy still account for significant morbidity and mortality. High-quality evidence was shown the importance of exercise in controlling diabetes complications, but the molecular mechanism on diabetic cardiomyopathy is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to compare and investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on the signaling pathway of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Methods: Hence, 21 Wistar rats with an average weight of 260 ± 10 g, after induction of diabetes (STZ 50 mg/kg BW) were randomly divided into three groups (control, CET and HIIT; n = 7). Training programs were conducted 5 days a week for 5 weeks. CET program was defined as running at 60% vVO₂max for 30 min in each session and the HIIT program was defined as running at 85-90% vVO₂max for 3 min followed by 1 min recovery (30-35% vVO₂max), that was repeated four times in each session. The cardiac performance was analyzed via determination of end systolic and diastolic dimensions and the ejection fraction by echocardiography. To elucidate the responsible molecular mechanism of miR-1, IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNA and apoptosis marker protein expression were investigated.

Results: Both training programs specifically HIIT, significantly reduced the blood glucose, enhanced heart performance, reduced miR-1 expression, induced IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression and reduced apoptotic protein expression.

Conclusion: We showed that HIIT is more effective than CET for reduction of diabetic cardiomyopathy as a complication of diabetes in animal models through suppressing miR-1 and its downstream apoptosis pathway.

Keywords: Continuous aerobic training; Diabetic cardiomyopathy,miR-1; High intensity interval training; IGF-1; IGF-1R.