Objective: To assess the effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) in "real-world" patients with severe asthma at 2 years post therapy. Method: Outcomes of 70 patients with severe asthma undergoing bronchial thermoplasty from March 2014 to November 2017 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital were retrospectively analyzed two years post therapy. The scores of Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini-AQLQ), the number of severe exacerbations, emergency department visits and hospitalizations for asthma symptoms in the past year, indicators of pulmonary function including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), FEV(1) as a percentage of predicted value (FEV(1)%pred) and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FEV(1)/FVC), maintenance asthma medications, the cost of asthma drugs and the total annual cost of asthma treatment were evaluated and analyzed before and 2 years after BT therapy, and the subjective assessment about effectiveness of BT were given by the patients. Results: Before and 2 years after BT, the numbers of subjects suffering severe exacerbations in the past year were 70 (100%) and 37 (52.9%), and the numbers of total severe exacerbations were 575 and 162 respectively. The numbers of patients having emergency department visits due to asthma exacerbation were 46 (65.7%) and 9 (12.9%), and the numbers of emergency department visits were 186 and 19 respectively. The numbers of patients hospitalized due to asthma exacerbation were 43 (61.4%) and 16 (22.9%), and the numbers of total hospitalizations were 124 and 24, respectively. The rate of severe exacerbation, emergency department visit and hospitalization were significantly reduced two years after the treatment by 71.9%, 88.9% and 83.3% (all P<0.001). The scores of ACT and mini-AQLQ were significantly increased [22 (21, 24) vs 17 (13, 19), (5.57±0.89) vs (3.83±0.92); both P<0.001]. Two years after BT, 4 patients (5.7%) were weaned off inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β(2)-agonist (LABA), while 14 patients (37.8%) were weaned off oral corticosteroid (OCS), with daily dose of ICS and OCS significantly decreased (both P<0.05). The proportion of patients treated with montelukast sodium and theophylline was also significantly reduced after BT (40.0% vs 81.4%, 27.1% vs 71.4%; both P<0.001). In addition, the indicator of FEV(1), FEV(1)%pred and FEV(1)/FVC ratio were all greatly improved two years after the treatment [2.27 (1.84, 2.82) vs 2.10 (1.70, 2.61) L, (76.8±19.5)% vs (72.5±19.8)%, (66.3±13.6)% vs (63.8±13.0)%; all P<0.05]. The annual cost for asthma drug and asthma treatment after BT were significantly decreased (P<0.001). Fifty-nine patients (84.3%) subjectively assessed the treatment as effective. Conclusion: The bronchial thermoplasty in "real-world" patients with severe asthma could significantly improve the asthma control, lung function and quality of life, and reduce severe exacerbations, emergency department visits and hospitalizations for asthma symptoms, while the maintenance asthma medications, the cost of asthma drugs and the total annual cost of asthma treatment are significantly decreased.
目的： 评价真实世界重度支气管哮喘（哮喘）患者支气管热成形术（BT）后2年的效果。 方法： 回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年11月在中日友好医院接受BT治疗的70例重度哮喘患者的临床资料，评估术后2年后哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分、微型哮喘生活质量调查问卷（mini-AQLQ）评分、过去1年重度哮喘急性发作次数、因哮喘急性发作急诊就诊次数、因哮喘急性发作住院次数、肺功能[包括第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV(1)）及其占预计值的百分比（FEV(1)预计值%）、FEV(1)与用力肺活量（FVC）的比值（FEV(1)/FVC）]、哮喘控制药物、哮喘药物费用及年哮喘总治疗费用等指标与术前的差异以及术后2年患者对手术效果的主观评价。 结果： 70例患者术前和术后2年调查过去1年中有重度哮喘急性发作者分别为70例（100%）和37例（52.9%），重度哮喘急性发作累计次数分别为575和162例次；因哮喘急性发作急诊就诊者分别为46例（65.7%）和9例（12.9%），急诊累计次数分别为186和19例次；因哮喘急性发作住院者分别为43例（61.4%）和16例（22.9%），住院累计次数分别为124和24例次。术后2年重度哮喘急性发作频率、哮喘急性发作急诊就诊频率、哮喘急性发作住院频率较治疗前分别下降71.9%、88.9%、83.3%（均P<0.001）。术后2年ACT、mini-AQLQ评分均显著高于术前[22（21，24）比17（13，19）分、（5.57±0.89）比（3.83±0.92）分]（均P<0.001）。术后2年4例（5.7%）停用吸入性糖皮质激素（ICS）及长效β(2)受体激动剂（LABA），14例（37.8%）停用口服糖皮质激素（OCS），每日ICS剂量及OCS剂量均显著低于术前（均P<0.05）；使用孟鲁司特钠、茶碱的患者比例均显著少于术前（40.0%比81.4%、27.1%比71.4%）（均P<0.001）。术后2年FEV(1)、FEV(1)预计值%、FEV(1)/FVC均显著高于术前[2.27（1.84，2.82）比2.10（1.70，2.61）L、（76.8±19.5）%比（72.5±19.8）%、（66.3±13.6）%比（63.8±13.0）%]（均P<0.05）；治疗后年哮喘药物费用及年哮喘总治疗费用均显著低于术前（均P<0.001）。59例（84.3%）患者主观评价治疗有效。 结论： 2年随访显示，BT可显著改善真实世界重度哮喘患者哮喘控制水平、肺功能及生活质量，减少重度哮喘急性发作，降低急诊就诊及住院频率，减少药物使用，降低治疗费用。.
Keywords: Asthma; Bronchial thermoplasty; Therapeutics; Treatment outcome.