Integrated Analysis of Summary Statistics to Identify Pleiotropic Genes and Pathways for the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Cardiometabolic Disease

Hao Liu; Yang Sun; Xinxin Zhang; Shiyang Li; Dong Hu; Lei Xiao; Yanghui Chen; Lin He; Dao Wen Wang

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00256

Integrated Analysis of Summary Statistics to Identify Pleiotropic Genes and Pathways for the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Cardiometabolic Disease

Front Psychiatry. 2020 Apr 17:11:256. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00256. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Hao Liu^{1

2

3}, Yang Sun^{1

2}, Xinxin Zhang^{1

3}, Shiyang Li^{1

2}, Dong Hu^{1

2}, Lei Xiao^{1

2}, Yanghui Chen^{1

2}, Lin He³, Dao Wen Wang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
² Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China.
³ Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified abundant risk loci associated with schizophrenia (SCZ), cardiometabolic disease (CMD) including body mass index, coronary artery diseases, type 2 diabetes, low- and high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Although recent studies have suggested that genetic risk shared between these disorders, the pleiotropic genes and biological pathways shared between them are still vague. Here we integrated comprehensive multi-dimensional data from GWAS, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and gene set database to systematically identify potential pleiotropic genes and biological pathways shared between SCZ and CMD. By integrating the results from different approaches including FUMA, Sherlock, SMR, UTMOST, FOCUS, and DEPICT, we revealed 21 pleiotropic genes that are likely to be shared between SCZ and CMD. These genes include VRK2, SLC39A8, NT5C2, AMBRA1, ARL6IP4, OGFOD2, PITPNM2, CDK2AP1, C12orf65, ABCB9, SETD8, MPHOSPH9, FES, FURIN, INO80E, YPEL3, MAPK3, SREBF1, TOM1L2, GATAD2A, and TM6SF2. In addition, we also performed the gene-set enrichment analysis using the software of GSA-SNP2 and MAGMA with GWAS summary statistics and identified three biological pathways (MAPK-TRK signaling, growth hormone signaling, and regulation of insulin secretion signaling) shared between them. Our study provides insights into the pleiotropic genes and biological pathways underlying mechanisms for the comorbidity of SCZ and CMD. However, further genetic and functional studies are required to validate the role of these potential pleiotropic genes and pathways in the etiology of the comorbidity of SCZ and CMD, which should provide potential targets for future diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords: GWAS; cardiometabolic disease; comorbidity; eQTL; pleiotropic; schizophrenia.