Salvianolic acid B inhibits ototoxic drug-induced ototoxicity by suppression of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway

Abstract

It has been claimed that salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a natural bioactive antioxidant, exerts protective effects in various types of cells. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects of Sal B in a cultured HEI-OC1 cell line and in transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP). A CCK-8 assay, Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit, TUNEL and caspase-3/7 staining, respectively, examined apoptosis and cell viability. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by CellROX and MitoSOX Red staining. JC-1 staining was employed to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Western blotting was used to assess expressions of Bax and Bcl-2. The expression pattern of p-PI3K and p-Akt was determined by immunofluorescent staining. We found that Sal B protected against neomycin- and cisplatin-induced apoptotic features, enhanced cell viability and accompanied with decreased caspase-3 activity in the HEI-OC1 cells. Supplementary experiments determined that Sal B reduced ROS production (increased ΔΨm), promoted Bcl-2 expression and down-regulated the expression of Bax, as well as activated PI3K/AKT signalling pathways in neomycin- and cisplatin-injured HEI-OC1 cells. Moreover, Sal B markedly decreased the TUNEL signal and protected against neomycin- and cisplatin-induced neuromast HC loss in the transgenic zebrafish. These results unravel a novel role for Sal B as an otoprotective agent against ototoxic drug-induced HC apoptosis, offering a potential use in the treatment of hearing loss.

Keywords: HEI-OC1 cells; ototoxicity; reactive oxygen species; salvianolic acid B; zebrafish.