Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Major Cardiopulmonary Resections

Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Apr;69(3):231-239. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1708486. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Abstract

Background: In thoracic surgery, utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is mainly established for patients undergoing lung transplantation. The aim of our study was to summarize our single-center experience with intraoperative use of veno-venous- or veno-arterial-ECMO in patients undergoing complex lung surgery involving the main carina, or the left atrium or the descending aorta.

Methods: A total of 24 patients underwent combined complex lung, carinal, aortal, or left atrial resections. In cases of carinal resection, percutaneous veno-venous, jugular-femoral cannulation was considered suitable. For combined resection of lung and descending aorta, a percutaneous femoral veno-arterial cannulation was used. In cases of extended left atrial resection, a percutaneous jugular-femoral veno-venous-arterial cannulation was favored.

Results: Procedures were divided into three groups: carinal resections and reconstruction (n = 8), resections of the descending aorta and left lung (n = 7), resections of lung and left atrium (n = 9). No intraoperative complications occurred. Overall 30-day mortality was 25%. A complete resection was achieved in 18 patients. Median survival was 12 months. One- and 5-year survival were 48.1 and 22.7%, respectively.

Conclusion: The present study shows that intraoperative use of ECMO for extended carinal, aortic, or atrial resections is feasible with minimal intraoperative complications allowing surgeons increased operating-field safety. Perioperative mortality is high, but this is rather an attribute of local extended disease and patient comorbidities.

MeSH terms

  • Aorta / surgery*
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures* / mortality
  • Comorbidity
  • Databases, Factual
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* / adverse effects
  • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* / mortality
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pneumonectomy* / adverse effects
  • Pneumonectomy* / mortality
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vascular Surgical Procedures* / adverse effects
  • Vascular Surgical Procedures* / mortality