Regulation of cGAS-Mediated Immune Responses and Immunotherapy

Abdullah F U H Saeed; Xinglin Ruan; Hongxin Guan; Jingqian Su; Songying Ouyang

doi:10.1002/advs.201902599

Regulation of cGAS-Mediated Immune Responses and Immunotherapy

Adv Sci (Weinh). 2020 Feb 6;7(6):1902599. doi: 10.1002/advs.201902599. eCollection 2020 Mar.

Authors

Abdullah F U H Saeed^{1

2

3

4}, Xinglin Ruan⁵, Hongxin Guan^{1

2}, Jingqian Su^{1

2}, Songying Ouyang^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation Biomedical Research Center of South China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China.
² Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Product of State Oceanic Administration College of Life Sciences Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China.
³ Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao 266237 China.
⁴ College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350117 China.
⁵ Department of Neurology Fujian Medical University Union Hospital 29 Xinquan Road Gulou District Fuzhou 350001 China.

Abstract

Early detection of infectious nucleic acids released from invading pathogens by the innate immune system is critical for immune defense. Detection of these nucleic acids by host immune sensors and regulation of DNA sensing pathways have been significant interests in the past years. Here, current understandings of evolutionarily conserved DNA sensing cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) are highlighted. Precise activation and tight regulation of cGAS are vital in appropriate innate immune responses, senescence, tumorigenesis and immunotherapy, and autoimmunity. Hence, substantial insights into cytosolic DNA sensing and immunotherapy of indispensable cytosolic sensors have been detailed to extend limited knowledge available thus far. This Review offers a critical, in-depth understanding of cGAS regulation, cytosolic DNA sensing, and currently established therapeutic approaches of essential cytosolic immune agents for improved human health.

Keywords: cGAS‐STING; cytosolic sensing; immunotherapy; innate immune regulation; tumorigenesis.

Publication types

Review