Objective: To detect the prevalence of sleep disorders among metro staff and to analyze influencing effects of effort reward imbalance (ERI) on it. Methods: In January 2015, subway driver, dispatcher and station operator from Guangzhou subway were selected as the research object in the whole group sampling method. A total of 1200 questionnaires were distributed and 1124 were valid questionnaires, and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 93.7%. Based on the effort reward imbalance questionnaire and the self-administered sleep questionnaire, the data of the general demographic characteristics, life satisfaction, occupational stress and sleep status of the respondents were collected. Epi.data3.1 and spss19.0 were used for analyzing. Results: A total of 1124 subway employees were surveyed, with an average age of (28±5) years; the working age was (4.5±3.6) years. ERI occupied 24.7% (278/1124) of the study population and sleep disorders as 42.2% (474/1124) . Single factor analysis showed that marital status, educational level, work position, life satisfaction and ERI could significantly influence sleep disorders of metro staff (P<0.05) . Logistic regression showed that higher effort (adjusted OR=2.56, 95%CI: 1.79-3.68) , lower reward (adjusted OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.34-2.68) and ERI (adjusted OR=2.33, 95%CI: 1.69-3.22) could increase the risk of sleep disorders after the confounding factors were controlled. ERI (adjusted OR=2.89, 95% CI: 1.80-4.64) , and over commitment (adjusted OR=4.64, 95%CI: 2.81-7.68) could influence the risk of sleep disorders independently when over commitment was evaluated as a moderating variable. Conclusion: Occupational stress as ERI could influence the risk of sleep disorders among metro staff. The situation should not be neglected for occupational health of metro staff.
目的： 探索地铁员工睡眠障碍现况，分析付出回报失衡（ERI）型职业应激对其睡眠状况的影响效应。 方法： 采取整群抽样方法，于2015年1月抽取广州市地铁司机、调度员与站务员为研究对象。共发放问卷1 200份，回收有效问卷1 124份，有效问卷回收率为93.7%。采用ERI问卷和自我管理睡眠问卷收集地铁员工一般人口学特征、生活满意度、职业应激和睡眠状况等资料。采用EpiData3.1软件进行数据录入，SPSS 19.0进行数据的统计分析。 结果： 共调查地铁员工1 124人，平均年龄为（28±5）岁，工龄为（4.5±3.6）年；ERI型职业应激者比例为24.7%（278/1 124）；睡眠障碍474人（42.2%）。单因素分析显示，不同婚姻、教育水平、工作岗位、生活满意度及ERI职业应激对地铁员工睡眠状况的影响差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示，控制年龄等变量后，较高工作付出（校正OR=2.56，95%CI：1.79~3.68）、较低工作回报（校正OR=1.90，95%CI：1.34~2.68）及ERI（校正OR=2.33，95% CI：1.69~3.22）地铁员工的睡眠障碍发生风险均明显增加。在引入调节变量内在投入后，ERI（校正OR=2.89，95%CI：1.80~4.64）和内在高投入（校正OR=4.64，95%CI：2.81~7.68）均可独立增加地铁员工睡眠障碍发生风险。 结论： 广州市地铁员工总体睡眠障碍不容忽视，ERI型职业应激及内在高投入可能影响地铁员工睡眠障碍的发生。.
Keywords: Effort reward imbalance; Metro staff; Occupational stress; Sleep disorders.