Small fiber neuropathy in Sjögren syndrome: Comparison with other small fiber neuropathies

Muscle Nerve. 2020 Apr;61(4):515-520. doi: 10.1002/mus.26824. Epub 2020 Feb 15.

Abstract

Introduction: We compared histological and clinical profiles of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) small fiber neuropathy (SFN; pSS-SFN) with idiopathic SFN (i-SFN) and hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis SFN (hATTR-SFN) and described the evolution of pSS-SFN.

Methods: All patients with pSS-SFN, i-SFN, and hATTR-SFN confirmed by reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density on skin biopsy were retrospectively included, and their characteristics were compared. To analyze prognosis of pSS-SFN, patients prospectively underwent a second evaluation.

Results: Fifteen pSS-SFN, 17 hATTR-SFN, and 11 i-SFN were included. Time to diagnosis SFN was longer in pSS-SFN and i-SFN than in hATTR-SFN. Painful and non-length-dependent patterns were more frequent in pSS-SFN than in hATTR-SFN. Twelve (80%) patients with pSS-SFN had a non-length-dependent pattern. Ten patients with pSS were reassessed after 3.1 years (1.7-4.7); none developed large fiber neuropathy linked to pSS.

Discussion: Primary Sjögren syndrome SFN is characterized by a more frequent non-length-dependent pattern compared with i-SFN and hATTR-SFN. Primary Sjögren syndrome SFN did not evolve through large fiber neuropathy.

Keywords: hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis; idiopathic small fiber neuropathy; magnetic resonance imaging; primary Sjögren syndrome; small fiber neuropathy.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial / diagnostic imaging
  • Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial / pathology
  • Biopsy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nerve Fibers / pathology*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sjogren's Syndrome / complications*
  • Sjogren's Syndrome / diagnostic imaging
  • Sjogren's Syndrome / pathology
  • Skin / pathology*
  • Small Fiber Neuropathy / complications*
  • Small Fiber Neuropathy / diagnostic imaging
  • Small Fiber Neuropathy / pathology
  • Ultrasonography

Supplementary concepts

  • Amyloidosis, Hereditary, Transthyretin-Related