Influence of Age on Longevity of a Stentless Aortic Valve

Abstract

Background: The longevity of a stentless valve in a younger population (20-60 years old) is unknown.

Methods: From 1992 to 2015, 1947 patients underwent aortic valve/root replacement for aortic stenosis, insufficiency, root aneurysm, or aortic dissection with stentless bioprostheses (median size, 26 mm). At operation 105 patients were <40 years old, 528 were 40 to 59, 860 were 60 to 74, and 454 were ≥75 years. The data were obtained through chart review, administered surveys, and the National Death Index.

Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 2.6%. During follow-up 807 patients (41%) died before reoperation, 993 (51%) were alive without reoperations because of deterioration, and 113 patients (5.8%) underwent reoperation for structural valve deterioration. After adjusting death and reoperation for non-structural valve deterioration causes as competing risks, the cumulative incidence of reoperation was significantly different between the younger groups (<40, 40-59) and the older groups (60-74, ≥75; P < .0001) but not inside the younger (<40 vs 40-59) or older (60-74 vs ≥75) group. The significant hazard ratio of reoperation for <40 versus ≥75 years of age was 12, <40 versus 60 to 74 was 4, 40 to 59 versus 60 to 74 was 3, and 40 to 59 versus ≥75 was 9 (P ≤ .01). The 10- and 15-year survival in the entire cohort was 53% and 29%, respectively.

Conclusions: The stentless aortic valve provides satisfactory durability as a conduit for aortic valve/root replacement for patients who prefer a bioprosthesis. However it should be judiciously considered for patients younger than 60 years because of an increased incidence of reoperation for structural valve deterioration.