Novel Antiviral Activities of Obatoclax, Emetine, Niclosamide, Brequinar, and Homoharringtonine

Petter I Andersen; Klara Krpina; Aleksandr Ianevski; Nastassia Shtaida; Eunji Jo; Jaewon Yang; Sandra Koit; Tanel Tenson; Veijo Hukkanen; Marit W Anthonsen; Magnar Bjoras; Magnus Evander; Marc P Windisch; Eva Zusinaite; Denis E Kainov

doi:10.3390/v11100964

Novel Antiviral Activities of Obatoclax, Emetine, Niclosamide, Brequinar, and Homoharringtonine

Viruses. 2019 Oct 18;11(10):964. doi: 10.3390/v11100964.

Authors

Petter I Andersen¹, Klara Krpina², Aleksandr Ianevski³, Nastassia Shtaida⁴, Eunji Jo⁵, Jaewon Yang⁶, Sandra Koit⁷, Tanel Tenson⁸, Veijo Hukkanen⁹, Marit W Anthonsen¹⁰, Magnar Bjoras¹¹, Magnus Evander¹², Marc P Windisch¹³, Eva Zusinaite¹⁴, Denis E Kainov^{15

16}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway. petteria@stud.ntnu.no.
² Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway. klarak@stud.ntnu.no.
³ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway. aleksandr.ianevski@ntnu.no.
⁴ Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. nastassia.shtaida@ut.ee.
⁵ Applied Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Sampyung-dong 696, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. eunji.jo@ip-korea.org.
⁶ Applied Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Sampyung-dong 696, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. jaewon.yang@ip-korea.org.
⁷ Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. sandra.koit@ut.ee.
⁸ Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. tanel.tenson@ut.ee.
⁹ Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland. veijo.hukkanen@utu.fi.
¹⁰ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway. marit.w.anthonsen@ntnu.no.
¹¹ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway. magnar.bjoras@ntnu.no.
¹² Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden. magnus.evander@umu.se.
¹³ Applied Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Sampyung-dong 696, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. magnus.evander@umu.se.
¹⁴ Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. eva.zusinaite@ut.ee.
¹⁵ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway. denis.kainov@ntnu.no.
¹⁶ Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia. denis.kainov@ntnu.no.

Abstract

Viruses are the major causes of acute and chronic infectious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Repurposing existing antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here, we identified novel activities of obatoclax and emetine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), echovirus 1 (EV1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cell cultures. Moreover, we demonstrated novel activities of emetine against influenza A virus (FLUAV), niclosamide against HSV-2, brequinar against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and homoharringtonine against EV1. Our findings may expand the spectrum of indications of these safe-in-man agents and reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral therapeutics pending the results of further in vitro and in vivo tests.

Keywords: antiviral agent; broad-spectrum antiviral; drug target; systems biology; virus.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
Biphenyl Compounds / pharmacology
Cell Culture Techniques
Chlorocebus aethiops
Dogs
Emetine / pharmacology
Enterovirus B, Human / drug effects
HIV-1 / drug effects
Herpesvirus 2, Human / drug effects
Homoharringtonine / pharmacology
Humans
Indoles
Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
Niclosamide / pharmacology
Pyrroles / pharmacology
Vero Cells
Virus Diseases / drug therapy
Viruses / classification
Viruses / drug effects*

Substances

Antiviral Agents
Biphenyl Compounds
Indoles
Pyrroles
brequinar
Homoharringtonine
Niclosamide
obatoclax
Emetine