pSILAC method coupled with two complementary digestion approaches reveals PRPF39 as a new E7070-dependent DCAF15 substrate

Abstract

Targeting specific ubiquitin E3 ligase for degradation of disease-driven protein has recently been an important concept for cancer therapy, as exemplified by the case of thalidomide for the treatment of multiple myeloma. E7070, an aryl sulfonamide drug, exhibited anticancer activity by targeting the E3 ligase receptor DCAF15, with RBM39 as the only known substrate. Exploration of additional substrates of E7070 would facilitate elucidation of its mechanism of actions. To this end, we used a strategy combing pSILAC method with two complementary digestion approaches (LysC-Trypsin and LysN-LysArgiNase) to accurately monitor the protein turnover and increase the depth of proteome profiling. Systematically, we showed that E7070 treatment changed turnover rates of 868 proteins (1.5 fold change and p-value <.05). Several proteins displayed accelerated turnover indicating they were potential new substrates of E7070, among which, pre-mRNA splicing factor 39 (PRPF39) had been reported to be overexpressed in certain cancers. We further demonstrated that PRPF39 was ubiquitinated and degraded by E7070 in a DCAF15-dependent manner, and represented a new bona fide substrate of E7070. The degradation of PRPF39 might also be contributed to the anticancer activity of E7070. SIGNIFICANCE: Identification of degraded substrates is difficult because protein abundance is a comprehensive result regulated by protein production and degradation at the same time. Pulsed SILAC (pSILAC), a method to measure protein turnover, would provide higher sensitivity than total protein quantification. In addition, some peptide sequences are not amenable to MS analysis after LysC-Trypsin digestion. LysN-LysargiNase, as a mirror protease combination of LysC-Trypsin, can be complementary for peptide identification with LysC-Trypsin. By combining pSILAC with two complementary digestion approaches (LysC-Trypsin and LysN-LysArgiNase), we systematically investigated E7070-dependent protein degradation. As a result, we found several potential degradation substrates of E7070 including PRPF39. Further, by exploiting a series of biological assays, we demonstrated that E7070 can lead to the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PRPF39 by promoting the recruitment of PRPF39 to the CUL4-DCAF15 E3 ubiquitin ligase.

Keywords: DCAF15; Degradation; E7070; LysC-Trypsin; LysN-LysArgiNase; PRPF39; pSILAC.