Oral health-related quality of life of children before, during, and after anterior open bite correction: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

Matheus Melo Pithon; Marcela Baraúna Magno; Raildo da Silva Coqueiro; Saul Martins de Paiva; Leandro Silva Marques; Luiz Renato Paranhus; Orlando Motohiro Tanaka; Lucianne Cople Maia

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.04.022

Oral health-related quality of life of children before, during, and after anterior open bite correction: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019 Sep;156(3):303-311. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.04.022.

Authors

Matheus Melo Pithon¹, Marcela Baraúna Magno², Raildo da Silva Coqueiro³, Saul Martins de Paiva⁴, Leandro Silva Marques⁵, Luiz Renato Paranhus⁶, Orlando Motohiro Tanaka⁷, Lucianne Cople Maia²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro- UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Health I, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. Electronic address: matheuspithon@gmail.com.
² Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro- UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³ Center for Studies in Aging, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dentistry College, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁶ Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁷ School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

PMID: 31474260
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.04.022

Abstract

Introduction: One of the goals of malocclusion treatment is to improve the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients. The aim of this trial was to assess the OHRQoL of children before, during, and after anterior open bite (AOB) correction, compared with nontreated children, in a 2-arm parallel single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Eighty children with AOB aged 8-10 years were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 40 each): a group treated with the use of fixed palatal crib (FPC; TG) and a control group (nontreated; CG). Randomization was performed with the use of BioEstat software. The outcome (OHRQoL) was assessed with the use of the validated Brazilian Portuguese version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_8-10) applied before (baseline, phase 1), 3 months after FPC placement (phase 2), and 1 month after FPC removal (phase 3) in the TG. In the CG, CPQ_8-10 was applied at baseline (phase 1), 3 months (phase 2), and 12 months (phase 3). Data were analyzed by means of a blinded statistic with the use of Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05).

Results: All participants finished the RCT, and demographic characteristics were similar between groups. In phase 1, the TG had lower scores for the "social well-being" domain (P = 0.02). In phase 2, the CG had higher scores than the TG for the "emotional well-being" and "social well-being" domains, but the opposite was observed for "oral symptoms" and "functional limitations" (P < 0.001). In phase 3, the TG showed a lower impact on OHRQoL than the CG in all domains and in the overall score (P < 0.001). In the 3 phases, the CG showed progressive increase (mean scores 70.37, 74.70, and 84.22, respectively; P < 0.001) and the TG a decrease (mean scores 70.20, 70.80, and 6.05, respectively; P < 0.001) in overall scores. The increase of scores in the CG was considered to represent a serious harm.

Conclusions: Correction of AOB had a positive impact and failure to correct it had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of children.

Registration: This trial was not registered.

Protocol: The protocol was not published before trial commencement.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Brazil
Child
Esthetics, Dental
Female
Humans
Male
Malocclusion / complications
Open Bite / psychology*
Open Bite / therapy*
Oral Health*
Orthodontics, Corrective
Quality of Life*
Single-Blind Method
Surveys and Questionnaires