Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Argentina. Retrospective and descriptive study

Arch Argent Pediatr. 2019 Aug 1;117(4):263-270. doi: 10.5546/aap.2019.eng.267.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is an erythrocyte enzyme disorder caused by mutations in the G6PD gene, which has an X-linked inheritance. Here we analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 24 subjects with G6PD deficiency over 25 years. Their median age at diagnosis was 10.2 years (range: 0.6-56.4). No symptoms were observed in 54.2 % of patients, whereas 25 % had chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia; 12.5 %, neonatal jaundice and postinfectious hemolytic anemia; and 8.3 %, acute hemolytic anemia after ingestion of fava beans. The 24 studied patients had variants that had been previously described in the bibliography. The clinical characteristics observed here were consistent with the variants found. A total of 21 women from the maternal line of affected subjects were identified as deficiency carriers using molecular biology techniques, so they received the corresponding genetic counseling.

La deficiencia de glucosa-6-fosfato deshidrogenasa es la enzimopatía eritrocitaria causada por mutaciones en el gen G6PD, cuya herencia está ligada al cromosoma X. Se analizan las características clínicas y de laboratorio de 24 individuos con deficiencia de G6PD durante 25 años. La edad mediana al momento del diagnóstico fue 10,2 años (rango: 0,6-56,4). El 54,2 % de los pacientes fueron asintomáticos, mientras que el 25 % presentó anemia hemolítica crónica no esferocítica; el 12,5 %, ictericia neonatal y anemia hemolítica posinfecciones, y el 8,3 %, anemia hemolítica aguda pos ingesta de habas. Los 24 pacientes estudiados presentaron variantes descritas previamente en la literatura. Las características clínicas observadas estuvieron acordes con las variantes encontradas. Veintiuna mujeres, pertenecientes a la rama materna de los individuos afectados, pudieron ser identificadas por biología molecular como portadoras de la deficiencia, por lo que recibieron el consejo genético correspondiente.

Keywords: Glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase; Inborn errors of metabolism; Molecular diagnostic techniques.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Argentina
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / diagnosis*
  • Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Phenotype
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Young Adult