Nebivolol in the treatment of arterial hypertension

Abstract

This MiniReview reports the current knowledge about the treatment of arterial hypertension with the third-generation beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (BAA) nebivolol. Furthermore, it reviews the advantages of nebivolol compared to the earlier generation of BAAs with respect to their different pharmacological properties. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists are a class of drugs applied for several different conditions, including hypertension and heart failure. They differ significantly in their pharmacological properties, including varying β₁ /β₂ -selectivity and/or exertion of additive effects on the heart and circulation. Although these drugs have been a part of hypertensive therapy for about 40 years, the outcome of large clinical trials has put the role of BAAs into question. However, most of these results were based on first- and second-generation BAAs and cannot be translated directly into third-generation drugs. The third-generation BAA nebivolol has the highest β₁ -selectivity seen so far, together with additional vasodilating and anti-oxidative properties. It is currently applied in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Nebivolol has a unique pharmacological profile, despite showing similar blood pressure-lowering effects, and has certain advantages in the treatment of hypertension compared to the previous generations of BAAs. This includes significant improvements in endothelial dysfunction, central haemodynamics and the degree of erectile dysfunction in men, a neutral/beneficial metabolic profile and lastly a more favourable side effect profile. It is widely beneficial for, for example, sexually active men and patients with comorbidities such as type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructive lung disorders. Whether the advantages translate to an improved long-term clinical outcome remains to be clarified, and ongoing prospective studies will show this in the future.

Keywords: beta adrenoceptor antagonists; clinical trials; hypertension; nebivolol.