Weight statistics controls dynamics in recurrent neural networks

PLoS One. 2019 Apr 9;14(4):e0214541. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214541. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

Recurrent neural networks are complex non-linear systems, capable of ongoing activity in the absence of driving inputs. The dynamical properties of these systems, in particular their long-time attractor states, are determined on the microscopic level by the connection strengths wij between the individual neurons. However, little is known to which extent network dynamics is tunable on a more coarse-grained level by the statistical features of the weight matrix. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of recurrent networks of Boltzmann neurons. In particular we study the impact of three statistical parameters: density (the fraction of non-zero connections), balance (the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory connections), and symmetry (the fraction of neuron pairs with wij = wji). By computing a 'phase diagram' of network dynamics, we find that balance is the essential control parameter: Its gradual increase from negative to positive values drives the system from oscillatory behavior into a chaotic regime, and eventually into stationary fixed points. Only directly at the border of the chaotic regime do the neural networks display rich but regular dynamics, thus enabling actual information processing. These results suggest that the brain, too, is fine-tuned to the 'edge of chaos' by assuring a proper balance between excitatory and inhibitory neural connections.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging*
  • Brain / physiology
  • Computer Simulation
  • Databases, Genetic
  • Humans
  • Models, Neurological
  • Models, Statistical
  • Nerve Net / physiology*
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Neurons / physiology*
  • Nonlinear Dynamics
  • Oscillometry

Grants and funding

PK received one Titan Xp GPU by the NVIDIA GPU Grant Program. AS received one Titan Xp GPU by the NVIDIA GPU Grant Program. HS was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, grant SCHU1272/12-1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.