Efficacy and Safety of ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Elderly Patients with Advanced ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Findings from the Real-Life Cohort

Oncol Res Treat. 2019;42(5):275-282. doi: 10.1159/000499086. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Abstract

Background: Little is known regarding the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) efficacy and safety in the elderly.

Objectives and methods: Consecutive patients (n = 53) with ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with an ALK TKI were identified through internal databases of three cancer centers and divided into groups A (< 65 years old; n = 34) and B (≥65 years old; n = 19). Progression-free survival (PFS), ALK TKI safety and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Uni- and multivariate PFS and OS analyses were performed.

Results: Crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib were administered in 94 and 100%, 35 and 31%, 38 and 52% of patients in groups A and B, respectively. The median PFS (months) was 5.4 (95% CI, 3.4-12.4) and 5.6 (95% CI, 2.5-14.7) with crizotinib (log-rank 0.0009, p = 0.9), 4.7 (95% CI, 1.0-11.5) and 23.0 (95% CI, 0.8-27.7) with ceritinib (log-rank 0.44, p = 0.5), and 21.2 (95% CI, 1.2 to not reached, NR) and 5.6 (95% CI, 0.5 to NR) with alectinib (log-rank 0.53, p = 0.5) in groups A and B, respectively. The median OS (months) comprised 29.8 (95% CI, 21.0 to NR) and 25.1 (95% CI, 10.8-53.6) in groups A and B, respectively (log-rank 0.57, p = 0.4). Age affected neither PFS nor OS. 19 and 37%, 50 and 40%, and 0 and 0% of patients in groups A and B, treated with crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib, respectively, developed high-grade adverse events. The treatment discontinuation rate was 9 and 21%, 16 and 60%, 0 and 0% with crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib in groups A and B, respectively.

Conclusions: In the elderly, crizotinib, ceritinib, and alectinib treatments are associated with similar efficacy but different safety profiles; alectinib is associated with a lower rate of high-grade adverse events and a lower treatment discontinuation rate.

Keywords: ALK inhibitors; Alectinib; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase; Ceritinib; Crizotinib; Lung cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Carbazoles / adverse effects
  • Carbazoles / therapeutic use
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / drug therapy*
  • Crizotinib / adverse effects
  • Crizotinib / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Safety
  • Piperidines / adverse effects
  • Piperidines / therapeutic use
  • Progression-Free Survival
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Pyrimidines / adverse effects
  • Pyrimidines / therapeutic use
  • Sulfones / adverse effects
  • Sulfones / therapeutic use
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Carbazoles
  • Piperidines
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyrimidines
  • Sulfones
  • Crizotinib
  • ALK protein, human
  • Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
  • ceritinib
  • alectinib