Effect of Three Hypopnea Scoring Criteria on OSA Prevalence and Associated Comorbidities in the General Population

Abstract

Study objectives: Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is the main polysomnographic measure to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to evaluate the effect of three standard hypopnea definitions on the prevalence of OSA and its association with cardiometabolic outcomes in the general population.

Methods: We analyzed data from the HypnoLaus study (Lausanne, Switzerland), in which 2,162 participants (51% women, 57 ± 19 years) underwent in-home full polysomnography. AHI was calculated using three hypopnea definitions: AASM₁₉₉₉ (≥ 50% decrease in airflow or lower airflow reduction associated with oxygen desaturation ≥ 3% or an arousal), AASM₂₀₀₇ (≥ 30% airflow reduction associated with ≥ 4% oxygen desaturation), and AASM_2012(≥ 30% airflow reduction associated with ≥ 3% oxygen desaturation or an arousal). Participants underwent clinical assessment for hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Results: Median AHI of AASM₁₉₉₉, AASM₂₀₀₇ and AASM₂₀₁₂ criteria were 10.9, 4.4, and 10.1 events/h, respectively. OSA prevalence defined as AHI ≥ 5, ≥ 15, and ≥ 30 events/h was 74.5%, 39.3%, and 16.3% using AASM₁₉₉₉; 46.9%, 18.8%, and 6.8% using AASM₂₀₀₇; and 72.2%, 36.6%, and 14.9% using AASM₂₀₁₂. Different AHI thresholds derived from AASM₁₉₉₉, AASM₂₀₀₇, and AASM₂₀₁₂ criteria_, respectively, were associated with hypertension (11.5, 4.8, 10.7 events/h), diabetes (15.7, 7.1, 14.4 events/h), and metabolic syndrome (12.8, 5.5, 11.8 events/h).

Conclusions: Hypopnea definition has a major effect on AHI and on OSA prevalence in the general population and, hence, important implications for public health policies. There is a twofold difference in the threshold above which an association with diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome is observed using AASM₂₀₀₇ compared to AASM₁₉₉₉ or AASM₂₀₁₂ criteria.

Keywords: general population; hypopnea; methodology; obstructive sleep apnea; polysomnography.