African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) investigators:
Hippolyte Abadagan, N Abbas, A Ibrahim Abdelatif, Traoré Abdoulaye, A Abd-Rouf, A Abduljalil, A Abdulrahman, S Abdurazig, A Abokris, W Abozaid, S O A Abugassa, F Abuhdema, S A Abujanah, R Abusamra, A Abushnaf, S A Abusnina, T S Abuzalout, H M Ackermann, Y B Adamu, A Addanfour, D M Adeleke, T A Adigun, A O Adisa, Sèhivè Valéry Adjignon, N A Adu-Aryee, B B Afolabi, A F X Agaba, P K A Agaba, K Aghadi, H Agilla, B Ahmed, El-Z Ahmed, Al-J Ahmed, M Ahmed, Rene Ahossi, S A Aji, S Akanyun, I Akhideno, M Akhter, O A Akinyemi, M Akkari, Joseph Akodjenou, A L Al Samateh, E S Al Shams, O T Alagbe-Briggs, E A Alakkari, R B Alalem, M Alashhab, O I Alatise, A Alatresh, M S I Alayeb Alayeb, B A Albakosh, F Albert, A N J D Alberts, A D Aldarrat, A Alfari, A Alfetore, M Algbali, A Algddar, H A Algedar, I A Alghafoud, A Alghazali, M Alhajj, A Alhendery Alhendery, F F H Alhoty, A Ali, Y A Ali, A Ali, Beye Seïdina Alioune, M A Alkassem, M A Alkchr, T S Alkesa, A Alkilani, F Alkobty Alkobty, Thomas Allaye, S B M Alleesaib, A Alli, K Allopi, N L Allorto, A Almajbery, R Almesmary, S H A Almisslati, F Almoraid, H Alobeidi, M A Alomami, Christella S Alphonsus, O A Alqawi, A A Alraheem, S A Alsabri, A Alsayed, B Alsellabi, M Al-Serksi, M S A Alshareef, A A Altagazi, J S Aluvale, H W Alwahedi, E A Alzahra, M A Alzarouk, K Al-Zubaidy, M Amadou, Maiga Amadou, Simbo D Amanor-Boadu, Al-A Amer, B T Amisi, M A Amuthenu, T W A Anabah, Felix Anani, P G R Anderson, A G B Andriamampionona, L Andrianina, A Anele, R Angelin, N Anjar, O Antùnez, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, L J C Anyanwu, A A Aribi, O A Arowolo, O Arrey, Daniel Zemenfes Ashebir, S B Assefa, Guy Assoum, V Athanse, J S Athombo, M Atiku, E Atito-Narh, Anatole Atomabe, A Attia, M Aungraheeta, D M A Aurélia, O O Ayandipo, A E T Ayebale, H M Z Azzaidey, N B Babajee, H B Badi, E K Badianga, R B Baghni, M T Bahta, M Bai, Y Baitchu, A M Baloyi, K A Bamuza, M I Bamuza, L Bangure, O B Bankole, M L Barongo, M M Barow, Apollo Basenero, L Bashiya, C H Basson, Sudha Bechan, S Belhaj, M M Ben Mansour, D Benali, A S B Benamour, A Berhe, J D Bertie, J J A Bester, M Bester, J D Bezuidenhout, K Bhagwan, D R Bhagwandass, K A P Bhat, M M Z U Bhuiyan, Bruce M Biccard, F Bigirimana, C J Bikuelo, B E Bilby, S S Bingidimi, K E Bischof, David G Bishop, C Bitta, M Bittaye, Thuli Biyase, C A Blake, E Blignaut, F Blignaut, B N Bn Tanjong, A Bogoslovskiy, P M Boloko, S K B Boodhun, I Bori, F Boufas, M Brand, Nicholas T Brouckaert, J D Bruwer, I Buccimazza, I M Bula Bula, Fred Bulamba, B C Businge, Y B Bwambale, S R C Cacala, M A Cadersa, Chris Cairns, F Carlos, M E Casey, A C Castro, N D Chabayanzara, M S Chaibou, T N O Chaibva, N K Chakafa, C Chalo, C Changfoot, M C Chari, L Chelbi, J T Chibanda, H N Chifamba, N Chikh, E Chikumba, P Chimberengwa, J Chirengwa, F M Chitungo, M C Chiwanga, M M Chokoe, T M Chokwe, B Chrirangi, M Christian, B Church, J C Cisekedi, J N Clegg-Lamptey, Estie Cloete, Megan Coltman, W Conradie, N Constance, Youssouf Coulibaly, L Cronje, M A Da Silva, H Daddy, L Dahim, D Daliri, M S Dambaki, A Dasrath, J G Davids, Gareth L Davies, J T De Lange, J B de Wet, B Dedekind, M A Degaulle, V Dehal, P D Deka, S Delinikaytis, I S Desalu, Hubert Dewanou, M B Moussa Deye, C Dhege, B S G Diale, D F Dibwe, B J S Diedericks, J M Dippenaar, L Dippenaar, M P Diyoyo, Edith Djessouho, S N Dlamini, A Dodiyi-Manuel, B A Dokolwana, D P Domoyyeri, Leanne W Drummond, D E du Plessis, W M du Plessis, L J du Preez, K Dube, N Z Dube, K D Dullab, R Duvenhage, R C Echem, S A Edaigbini, A K Egote, A Ehouni, G Ekwen, N C Ekwunife, M El Hensheri, I E Elfaghi, M A Elfagieh, S Elfallah, Mahmoud Elfiky, S Elgelany, A M Elghallal, M G Elghandouri, Z S Elghazal, A M Elghobashy, F T Elharati, Abdulaziz M Elkhogia, R M Elkhwildi, S Ellis, L Elmadani, H B Elmadany, H Elmehdawi, A Elmgadmi, H Eloi, D Elrafifi, G Elsaadi, R B Elsaity, A Elshikhy, M Eltaguri, A Elwerfelli, I E Elyasir, A Z Elzoway, A M Elzufri, E O Enendu, B C Enicker, E O Enwerem, R Esayas, M Eshtiwi, A A Eshwehdi, J L Esterhuizen, Tonya M Esterhuizen, E B Etuk, O Eurayet, O R Eyelade, R F Fanjandrainy, Lionelle Fanou, Z Farina, Maher Fawzy, A Feituri, N L Fernandes, L M Ford, Patrice Forget, T François, T Freeman, Y B M Freeman, V M Gacii, B Gadi, M Gagara, A Gakenia, P D Gallou, G G N Gama, M G Gamal, Y G Gandy, A Ganesh, Diallo Gangaly, M Garcia, A P Gatheru, S S D Gaya, Oswald Gbéhadé, G Gerbel, A Ghnain, R Gigabhoy, D G Giles, G T Girmaye, S Gitau, B Githae, Said Gitta, Veekash Gobin, Riaz Goga, A A G Gomati, M E Gonzalez, J Gopall, Christina Salmina Gordon, O Gorelyk, M Gova, K Govender, P Govender, S Govender, V Govindasamy, J T K Green-Harris, M B Greenwood, S V Grey-Johnson, Mariette Grobbelaar, M A Groenewald, K K Grünewald, Ambroise Guegni, M Guenane, S Gueye, Marius Guezo, T Gunguwo, M G Gweder, M Gwila, L Habimana, Rodrigue Hadecon, E Hadia, L Hamadi, M Hammouda, M I Hampton, R Hanta, Tim C Hardcastle, J A Hariniaina, S Hariparsad, A H Harissou, R Harrichandparsad, S H A Hasan, H B Hashmi, M P Hayes, A Hdud, S H Hebli, H M S N Heerah, S Hersi, A H Hery, Adam Hewitt-Smith, T C Hlako, S C H Hodges, Richard Eric Hodgson, M Hokoma, H Holder, E B Holford, E Horugavye, C Houston, M Hove, D Hugo, C M Human, H Hurri, O Huwidi, A I Ibrahim, Traoré Ibrahim, O K Idowu, I E Igaga, John Igenge, O Ihezie, K Ikandi, I A R Ike, J J N Ikuku, M N Ilbarasi, I B B Ilunga, J P M Ilunga, N A V Imbangu, Z Imessaoudene, D H Imposo, A M Iraya, M Isaacs, M Isiguzo, A Issoufou, P Izquirdo, A Jaber, U V Jaganath, C S Jallow, S Jamabo, Z S Jamal, L Janneh, M J Jannetjies, I Jasim, Megan A J Jaworska, S Jay Narain, K Jermi, R Jimoh, S Jithoo, M Johnson, S Joomye, R M Judicael, M Judicaël, A Juwid, L P Jwambi, R Kabango, J K Kabangu, D K Kabatoro, A N Kabongo, K Kabongo, L T Kabongo, M D Kabongo, N Kady, S Kafu, M Kaggya, B N K Kaholongo, P C K Kairuki, S I Kakololo, K Kakudji, Amina Kalisa, R Kalisa, M R Kalufwelu, S Kalume, R J Kamanda, M K Kangili, H Kanoun, Kapesa, P Kapp, J K Karanja, M Karar, K Kariuki, K Kaseke, P N K Kashuupulwa, K J P Kasongo, S K Kassa, G K Kateregga, M I S Kathrada, P M Katompwa, L Katsukunya, K A M Kavuma, Khalfallah, A Khamajeet, S B Khetrish, Kibandwa, W Kibochi, A M Kilembe, A K Kintu, B Kipng'etich, B Kiprop, V M K Kissoon, Theroshnie K Kisten, J K Kiwanuka, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, M E K Knox, A K Koledale, V L Koller, M A Kolotsi, M Kongolo, N D Konwuoh, W V J Koperski, M Y K Koraz, A A Kornilov, M Zach Koto, Samantha Kransingh, D Krick, S Kruger, C Kruse, W Kuhn, W P Kuhn, A M Kukembila, K L Kule, M Kumar, Belinda S Kusel, V K Kusweje, K J Kuteesa, Y Y Kutor, M A Labib, M Laksari, F Lanos, T A Lawal, Yannick Le Manach, C Lee, R M Lekoloane, S N Lelo, B Lerutla, M T Lerutla, A I Levin, T B Likongo, M L Limbajee, D M Linyama, C Lionnet, M M Liwani, E Loots, A Garrido Lopez, C L C Lubamba, K F Lumbala, A J M Lumbamba, John Lumona, R F Lushima, L Luthuli, H L Luweesi, T S K Lyimo, H M Maakamedi, B M Mabaso, M Mabina, M E Maboya, I Macharia, A M Macheka, A Z Machowski, Thandinkosi E Madiba, A S M Madsen, Farai Madzimbamuto, L J Madzivhe, S C Mafafo, M Maghrabi, Diango Djibo Mahamane, A Maharaj, A Maharaj, A D Maharaj, M R Mahmud, M Mahoko, N A Mahomedy, O Mahomva, T M Mahureva, R K Maila, D M Maimane, M Maimbo, S N Maina, Dela A Maiwald, M D Maiyalagan, N Majola, N Makgofa, V Makhanya, W P Makhaye, N M Makhlouf, S Makhoba, E K Makopa, O Makori, Alex M Makupe, M A Makwela, M E Malefo, S M Malongwe, D M Maluleke, M R Maluleke, K Touré Mamadou, M P Mamaleka, Y Mampangula, R M Mamy, M N R Mananjara, M T M Mandarry, D M Mangoo, C Manirimbere, A Manneh, A Mansour, I Mansour, M Manvinder, D V Manyere, V T Manzini, J K Manzombi, P M Mapanda, L C Marais, O Maranga, J P B Maritz, F K Mariwa, R S Masela, M M Mashamba, Doreen M Mashava, M V Mashile, E Mashoko, O R Masia, J N Masipa, A T M Masiyambiri, M W Matenchi, W Mathangani, R C Mathe, Christopher Y Matola, P M Matondo, R Matos-Puig, F F H Matoug, J T Matubatuba, H P Mavesere, R Mavhungu, S Maweni, C J M Mawire, T Mawisa, S Mayeza, R Mbadi, M Mbayabu, N Mbewe, W D Mbombo, T Mbuyi, W M S Mbuyi, M W Mbuyisa, Bernard Mbwele, R M Mehyaoui, I D Menkiti, L V M Mesarieki, A Metali, Serge Mewanou, L Mgonja, N Mgoqo, S Mhatu, T M Mhlari, S Miima, I M Milod, P Minani, F Mitema, A Mlotshwa, J E Mmasi, T Mniki, B O Mofikoya, J O Mogale, A Mohamed, A Mohamed, A Mohamed, S Mohamed, S Mohamed, T S Mohamed, A Mohamed, A Mohamed, A M Mohamed, P Mohamed, I Mohammed, F A M Mohammed, M Mohammed, N M Mohammed, M P Mohlala, R Mokretar, F M Molokoane, K N Mongwe, L Montenegro, O D Montwedi, Q K Moodie, M Moopanar, M Morapedi, T G Morulana, V L Moses, P Mossy, H Mostafa, S R Motilall, S P Motloutsi, Kanté Moussa, M Moutari, O M Moyo, P E Mphephu, Busi Mrara, C Msadabwe, V M Mtongwe, F K Mubeya, K Muchiri, J Mugambi, G I M Muguti, A B Muhammad, I F Mukama, M M Mukenga, F K Mukinda, P M Mukuna, A R W Mungherera, Dolly M Munlemvo, T W Munyaradzi, A A Munyika, J M Muriithi, M P Muroonga, R Murray, V K Mushangwe, M Mushaninga, V E M Musiba, J M Musowoya, S Mutahi, M G H Mutasiigwa, G Mutizira, A Muturi, T Muzenda, K R Mvwala, N M Mvwama, A Mwale, C N Mwaluka, J D Mwamba, H A M Mwanga, C M Mwangi, S Mwansa, V Mwenda, I M Mwepu, T M Mwiti, S Z Mzezewa, L Nabela, M T N Nabukenya, S M Nabulindo, K Naicker, D Naidoo, L Naidoo, L C Naidoo, N Naidoo, R Naidoo, R D Naidoo, S Naidoo, T D Naidoo, T K Naidu, N Z Najat, Y Najm, F Nakandungile, P Nakangombe, C N Namata, E S Namegabe, A Nansook, N P Nansubuga, C Nantulu, Rodrigue Nascimento, G T Naude, H Nchimunya, M A Ndaie, P N Ndarukwa, Henry Ndasi, Gabriel Ndayisaba, D Ndegwa, R Ndikumana, Andrew K N Ndonga, C Ndung'u, M C Neil, M S Nel, E V Neluheni, D S Nesengani, N T Nesengani, L E Netshimboni, A M Ngalala, B M Ngari, N B M Ngari, E Ngatia, G K Ngcobo, T S Ngcobo, D Ngorora, D Ngouane, K Ngugi, Zipporah W W Ngumi, Z Nibe, E Ninise, J C Niyondiko, P W Njenga, M N Njenga, M Njoroge, S Njoroge, W Njuguna, P N Njuki, T Nkesha, T N Nkuebe, N P Nkuliyingoma, M Nkunjana, Ernest Nkwabi, R N Nkwine, C Nnaji, I Notoane, Shaaban Nsalamba, L M Ntlhe, C Ntoto, B Ntueba, M T Nyassi, Z Nyatela-Akinrinmade, H O Nyawanda, N N Nyokabi, V N Nziene, S Obadiah, O J P Ochieng, P K Odia, O E O Oduor, E O Ogboli-Nwasor, S W O Ogendo, O Ogunbode, T O Ogundiran, O Ogutu, R W Ojewola, M Ojujo, D O Ojuka, O S Okelo, S Okiya, N Okonu, P R Olang, Akinyinka O Omigbodun, S Omoding, J Omoshoro-Jones, R Onyango, A Onyegbule, O Orjiako, M O Osazuwa, Kpatinvo Oscar, B B Osinaike, A O Osinowo, O M Othin, F F H Otman, J Otokwala, F Ouanes, Ongoïba Oumar, A O Ousseini, S Padayachee, S M Pahlana, J Pansegrouw, F P Paruk, M B Patel, Ushmaben Patel, A P Patience, Rupert M Pearse, J D Pembe, G N Pengemale, N Perez, M F Aguilera Perez, A Mallier Peter, M Phaff, R M Pheeha, B H Pienaar, V Pillay, K A Pilusa, M P Pochana, O Polishchuk, Owen S Porrill, E F Post, A Prosper, M Pupyshev, A Rabemazava, M S Rabiou, L Rademan, M Rademeyer, R A R Raherison, F R Rajah, M S R Rajcoomar, Z Rakhda, A H R Rakotoarijaona, A H N Rakotoarisoa, Sylvia R Rakotoarison, R R Rakotoarison, L Ramadan, M L R Ramananasoa, M Rambau, T P R Ramchurn, H E Ramilson, Rajesh J Ramjee, H Ramnarain, R Ramos, T J Rampai, S R Ramphal, T Ramsamy, R Ramuntshi, R Randolph, D M A Randriambololona, W A P Ras, R A F Rasolondraibe, J D L C Rasolonjatovo, R M Rautenbach, S Ray, Sarah R Rayne, F A R Razanakoto, S R Reddy, Anthony R Reed, J R Rian, F R Rija, B Rink, A T Robelie, C A Roberts, A G L Rocher, S Rocher, Reitze N Rodseth, I Rois, W Rois, S Rokhsi, J Roos, Nicolette F Rorke, H Roura, F J Rousseau, N Rousseau, L Royas, D Roytowski, Devan Rungan, S S R Rwehumbiza, B B Ryabchiy, V Ryndine, C R Saaiman, H K Sabwa, S Sadat, S S Saed, E Salaheddin, H Salaou, M Saleh, H M Salisu-Kabara, Hamza Doles Sama, Ahmadou L Samateh, W Sam-Awortwi Jnr, N Samuel, D K Sanduku, Chaibou M Sani, L N Sanyang, H N Sarah, A Sarkin-Pawa, R Sathiram, T Saurombe, H Schutte, M P Sebei, M D Sedekounou, M P Segooa, E M Semenya, B O Semo, C S Sendagire, S A Senoga, F S Senusi, T Serdyn, M D Seshibe, G B Shah, R Shamamba, C S Shambare, T N Shangase, S H Shanin, I E Shefren, A A Sheshe, O B Shittu, A S Shkirban, T Sholadoye, A Shubba, N Sigcu, S E Sihope, D S Sikazwe, B S Sikombe, K Simaga Abdoul, W A G Simo, K Singata, A S Singh, S Singh, Usha Singh, V Sinoamadi, N Sipuka, N L M Sithole, S Sitima, David Lee Skinner, G C Skinner, O I Smith, C A G Smits, M S I Sofia, Gaoussou Sogoba, A Sohoub, S S Sookun, O Sosinska, Rosalie Souhe, G Souley, Thiam Souleymane, J M Spicer, Sandra Spijkerman, H Steinhaus, A Steyn, G Steyn, H C Steyn, Heidi L Stoltenkamp, S Stroyer, A Swaleh, E Swayeb, A J Szpytko, N A Taiwo, A Tarhuni, D Tarloff, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, M Tchoupa, M O Teeka, B Thakoor, M M Theunissen, B P Thomas, M B Thomas, A Thotharam, O Tobiko, A M Torborg, S M Tshisekedi, S K Tshisola, R Tshitangano, F Tshivhula, H T Tshuma, Janat Tumukunde, M Tun, I A Udo, D I Uhuebor, K U Umeh, A O Usenbo, Jd D Uwiteyimbabazi, D J Van der Merwe, F H van der Merwe, J E van der Walt, Dominique van Dyk, J G Van Dyk, J J S van Niekerk, S van Wyk, H A van Zyl, B Veerasamy, P J Venter, A J Vermeulen, R Villarreal, J Visser, L Visser, M Voigt, Richard P von Rahden, A Wafa, A Wafula, P K Wambugu, P Waryoba, E N Waweru, M Weideman, Robert D Wise, E E Wynne, A I Yahya, A A Yahya, R Yahya, Y Yakubu, J J Yanga, Y M Yangazov, O Yousef, G Yousef, Coulibaly Youssouf, A A Yunus, A S Yusuf, A Z Zeiton, H Z Zentuti, Henry Zepharine, A B Zerihun, S Zhou, A Zidan, Sanogo Zimogo Zié, C Z Zinyemba, A Zo, Lidwine Zomahoun, N Z Zoobei, Eugene Zoumenou, N Z Zubia