Keywords: Corynebacteria spp.; Cutibacterium acnes; Treponema spp.; alpha-defensin; culture; genetic testing; leukocyte esterase (LE); molecular testing; next-generation sequencing (NGS); organism isolation; pathogen isolation; periprosthetic tissue; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); sessile microorganisms; sonication; swabs; synovial biomarkers; synovial fluid; treatment modification; α-defensin.