Centrosome Linker-induced Tetraploid Segregation Errors Link Rhabdoid Phenotypes and Lethal Colorectal Cancers

Abstract

Centrosome anomalies contribute to tumorigenesis, but it remains unclear how they are generated in lethal cancer phenotypes. Here, it is demonstrated that human microsatellite instable (MSI) and BRAF^V600E-mutant colorectal cancers with a lethal rhabdoid phenotype are characterized by inactivation of centrosomal functions. A splice site mutation that causes an unbalanced dosage of rootletin (CROCC), a centrosome linker component required for centrosome cohesion and separation at the chromosome 1p36.13 locus, resulted in abnormally shaped centrosomes in rhabdoid cells from human colon tissues. Notably, deleterious deletions at 1p36.13 were recurrent in a subgroup of BRAF^V600E-mutant and microsatellite stable (MSS) rhabdoid colorectal cancers, but not in classical colorectal cancer or pediatric rhabdoid tumors. Interfering with CROCC expression in near-diploid BRAF^V600E-mutant/MSI colon cancer cells disrupts bipolar mitotic spindle architecture, promotes tetraploid segregation errors, resulting in a highly aggressive rhabdoid-like phenotype in vitro Restoring near-wild-type levels of CROCC in a metastatic model harboring 1p36.13 deletion results in correction of centrosome segregation errors and cell death, revealing a mechanism of tolerance to mitotic errors and tetraploidization promoted by deleterious 1p36.13 loss. Accordingly, cancer cells lacking 1p36.13 display far greater sensitivity to centrosome spindle pole stabilizing agents in vitro These data shed light on a previously unknown link between centrosome cohesion defects and lethal cancer phenotypes providing new insight into pathways underlying genome instability.Implications: Mis-segregation of chromosomes is a prominent feature of chromosome instability and intratumoral heterogeneity recurrent in metastatic tumors for which the molecular basis is unknown. This study provides insight into the mechanism by which defects in rootletin, a centrosome linker component causes tetraploid segregation errors and phenotypic transition to a clinically devastating form of malignant rhabdoid tumor. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1385-95. ©2018 AACR.