The Authors report the results of a microbiological study of 99 patients who had undergone laparoscopy for infertility and/or pelvic pain. In 64% of the cases the microbiological study gave a positive result and in 45% of these 2 or more microorganisms were isolated; this high positive result was due to the presence of microorganisms with low pathogenicity on the cervical and urethral swabs. The microbiological study, B.S.R. and the leucocytes did not show any significant correlation with the pelvic pathologies found by means of laparoscopy. The only exception to this was Chlamydia T. which gave positive results, both in the direct and indirect test, in 22% of the patients, and which was found most often in the cases where laparoscopy had shown pelvic phlogisis.