There is no consensus on the indication for postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in breast cancer patients with one to three positive lymph nodes. To identify patients for whom PMRT may be indicated, we used a prognostic score model with the SEER database to retrospectively analyze 8049 patients with one to three positive lymph nodes who underwent mastectomy with or without PMRT between 2010 and 2013. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that PMRT patients had better overall survival (OS) than no-PMRT patients (P < 0.001); however, there was no difference in cancer-specific survival (CSS) (P = 0.530). Multivariate analysis with Cox regression showed that grade (P < 0.001), tumor size (P < 0.001), and progesterone receptor status (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS. To diminish bias, we used 1:1 propensity score matching analysis and prognosis score model, which revealed that PMRT patients had better OS and CSS than no-PMRT patients (P < 0.001). In a concrete subgroup analysis of PMRT patients, significant improvements in OS were observed in patients scoring 0, 1, or 2. PMRT patients scoring 2 also had improved CSS. The magnitude of the OS and CSS difference with PMRT correlated with the prognostic score (P < 0.001). These results suggest PMRT in breast cancer patients with one to three positive lymph nodes should be based on patient factors, tumor biology, and prognostic score.
Keywords: SEER; breast cancer; population-based study; postmastectomy radiotherapy.