Autoimmune encephalitis: a review of diagnosis and treatment

Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2018 Jan;76(1):41-49. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20170176.

Abstract

Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is one of the most common causes of noninfectious encephalitis. It can be triggered by tumors, infections, or it may be cryptogenic. The neurological manifestations can be either acute or subacute and usually develop within six weeks. There are a variety of clinical manifestations including behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, autonomic disturbances, movement disorders, and seizures. We reviewed common forms of AIE and discuss their diagnostic approach and treatment.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / complications
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Encephalitis / diagnosis*
  • Encephalitis / etiology
  • Encephalitis / physiopathology
  • Encephalitis / therapy*
  • Female
  • Hashimoto Disease / diagnosis*
  • Hashimoto Disease / etiology
  • Hashimoto Disease / physiopathology
  • Hashimoto Disease / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy
  • Male

Supplementary concepts

  • Hashimoto's encephalitis