The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) updated and published the Practice Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in July 2017, which provides recommendations for the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and effective prevention of NAFLD. Related metabolic diseases should be considered during the initial evaluation of patients suspected of NAFLD. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques including transient elastography, magnetic resonance elastography, and serum biochemical models should be used to evaluate the development and progression of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Clinical liver pathology report should clearly differentiate between nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), NAFL with inflammation, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and identify the presence or absence of liver fibrosis and its degree. Early medication for NAFLD can only be used in patients with pathologically confirmed NASH and liver fibrosis, and it is not recommended to use pioglitazone and vitamin E as the first-line drugs for patients with NASH which has not been proven by biopsy or non-diabetic NASH patients. Foregut bariatric surgery can be considered for obese patients with NAFLD/NASH who meet related indications. It is emphasized that the risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be eliminated for NAFLD patients. Statins can be used for the treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with NAFLD/NASH, but they cannot be used in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Routine screening or hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance is not recommended for NASH patients without liver cirrhosis. Cardiovascular disease should be taken seriously during liver transplantation evaluation. There is still no adequate clinical evidence for the treatment of NAFLD in children and adolescents, and intensive lifestyle intervention is recommended as the first-line therapy for such patients.
2017年7月美国肝病研究协会更新并发布《非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断与管理实践指南》，该指南为非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的精准诊断、治疗及有效预防提出相关建议：疑似NAFLD患者初次评估应考虑相关代谢性疾病；NAFLD患者应用瞬时弹性成像、磁共振弹性成像及血清生物化学模型等无创诊断技术评估肝纤维化发生及进展情况；临床肝组织病理学报告应区分非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFL）、NAFL伴有炎症和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）、是否存在肝纤维化及其严重程度；NAFLD早期药物治疗仅限于病理确诊的NASH及肝纤维化患者；不建议吡格列酮、维生素E作为未经肝活组织学检查证实或非糖尿病NASH患者的一线治疗药物；符合适应证的NAFLD/NASH肥胖患者可考虑前肠减肥手术。强调NAFLD患者应积极消除心血管疾病的风险因素，他汀类药物可用于NAFLD/NASH患者血脂异常的治疗，但应避免用于失代偿期肝硬化患者；不建议对NASH非肝硬化患者常规筛查或监测肝细胞癌。在肝移植评估过程中应关注心血管疾病。儿童及青少年NAFLD治疗的临床证据尚不充分，推荐强化生活方式干预作为一线治疗措施。.
Keywords: Diagnosis; Disease management; Interpretation of guidelines; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.