Beyond Down syndrome phenotype: Paternally derived isodicentric chromosome 21 with partial monosomy 21q22.3

Am J Med Genet A. 2017 Dec;173(12):3153-3157. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38497. Epub 2017 Oct 19.

Abstract

Inverted isodicentric chromosome 21 is a rare form of chromosomal rearrangement that may result in trisomy 21; sometimes this rearrangement may also lead to segmental monosomy of the terminal long arm of chromosome 21. In this report, we describe the prenatal diagnosis and neonatal follow-up of a child with a paternally derived, de novo isodicentric chromosome 21 and a concurrent ∼1.2 Mb deletion of the 21q22.3 region [46,XX,idic(21)(q22.3)]. This child presented with unusual phenotype of Down syndrome and additional defects including esophageal atresia and tethered cord syndrome. The resulting phenotype in this infant might be a coalescence of the partial trisomy and monosomy 21, as well as homozygosity for idic (21). The utilization of chromosomal microarray in this case enabled accurate characterization of a rare chromosome abnormality, potentially contributes to future phenotype-genotype correlation and produced evidence for a molecular mechanism underlying this rearrangement.

Keywords: 21q22.3 deletion; chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA); isodicentric 21; partial trisomy 21; prenatal diagnosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Abnormalities, Multiple
  • Adult
  • Chromosome Deletion
  • Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / genetics
  • Down Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Down Syndrome / genetics*
  • Down Syndrome / pathology
  • Echocardiography
  • Female
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Karyotyping
  • Monosomy / genetics*
  • Phenotype
  • Pregnancy
  • Prenatal Diagnosis

Supplementary concepts

  • Chromosome 21 monosomy
  • Chromosome 21, monosomy 21q22