Associations of Plasma Cytokine and Microbial Translocation Biomarkers With Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

J Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 27;216(9):1159-1163. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix460.

Abstract

A nested case-cohort study was performed in participants of a clinical trial of first-line human immunodeficiency virus treatments to investigate plasma biomarkers of inflammation and microbial translocation for their association with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Fifty-one of 1452 participants with baseline CD4 count <350 cells/μL developed IRIS. Plasma from 51 IRIS cases, including 6 stratified by preenrollment CD4 count ≤200 cells/μL, were analyzed and compared to 94 non-IRIS controls. At baseline, CXCL10, lipopolysaccharide, soluble CD14, 16S ribosomal DNA, and interferon-α2 were associated with greater risk of IRIS. Systemic inflammation through persistent monocyte activation and microbial translocation appear to be important in IRIS pathogenesis.

Keywords: IRIS; cytokines; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; microbial translocation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Biomarkers / blood*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Cytokines / blood*
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • Humans
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / blood*
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / immunology*
  • Translocation, Genetic / immunology*

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Biomarkers
  • Cytokines