This systematic literature review reveals that participating in a surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance network is associated with short-term reductions in SSI rates: relative risk [RR] for year 2, 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-0.82); year 3 RR, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90-0.94); year 4 RR, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-1.00). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1364-1366.