Innate immune sensing of cytosolic chromatin fragments through cGAS promotes senescence

Nat Cell Biol. 2017 Sep;19(9):1061-1070. doi: 10.1038/ncb3586. Epub 2017 Jul 31.

Abstract

Cellular senescence is triggered by various distinct stresses and characterized by a permanent cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells secrete a variety of inflammatory factors, collectively referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of the SASP remains incompletely understood. Here we define a role for innate DNA sensing in the regulation of senescence and the SASP. We find that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes cytosolic chromatin fragments in senescent cells. The activation of cGAS, in turn, triggers the production of SASP factors via stimulator of interferon genes (STING), thereby promoting paracrine senescence. We demonstrate that diverse stimuli of cellular senescence engage the cGAS-STING pathway in vitro and we show cGAS-dependent regulation of senescence following irradiation and oncogene activation in vivo. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying cellular senescence by establishing the cGAS-STING pathway as a crucial regulator of senescence and the SASP.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cellular Senescence* / radiation effects
  • Chromatin / enzymology*
  • Chromatin / immunology
  • Chromatin / radiation effects
  • Cytosol / enzymology*
  • Cytosol / immunology
  • Cytosol / radiation effects
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Immunity, Innate* / radiation effects
  • Male
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / genetics
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / immunology
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / metabolism*
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Paracrine Communication
  • Phenotype
  • RNA Interference
  • Signal Transduction
  • Time Factors
  • Transfection

Substances

  • Chromatin
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Sting1 protein, mouse
  • Nucleotidyltransferases
  • cGAS protein, mouse