Introduction: The role of neuraxial labor analgesia in perineal trauma following live births is controversial, and no studies have assessed the association in women delivering an intrauterine fetal demise. We evaluated the relationship between neuraxial labor analgesia and perineal laceration in these patients.
Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of women with a diagnosis of fetal death after 20weeks of gestation, a vaginal delivery, and an Apgar score of 0 at delivery, during the period from January 2007 through December 2015. The presence of a perineal laceration and its severity, graded from grade I to IV based on the 2014 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines, was recorded.
Results: A total of 329/422 (78%) patients received neuraxial, and 93/422 (22%) non-neuraxial, labor analgesia. A perineal laceration occurred in 23% in the neuraxial versus 10% in the non-neuraxial analgesia group, a difference of 13% (95% CI of difference 4% to 20%, P=0.005). After adjusting for confounder bias, greater birthweight (OR 4.22, 95% CI 3.00 to 5.92, P<0.001) and lower parity (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.82, P=0.009), but not neuraxial analgesia (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.47 to 3.57, P=0.61) were independent predictors of perineal laceration. The maintenance concentration of bupivacaine did not affect the rate of perineal injury.
Conclusions: Neuraxial labor analgesia does not appear to be an independent risk for a perineal laceration in patients with intrauterine fetal demise. Our data suggests that the use of neuraxial analgesia should not raise concern about increased rates of perineal injury.
Keywords: Analgesia, epidural; Delivery, vaginal; Fetal demise, intrauterine; Laceration, perineal.
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