The Clinical Characteristics of ADHD Diagnosed in Adolescents in Comparison With Younger Children

J Atten Disord. 2020 Jun;24(8):1125-1131. doi: 10.1177/1087054717696768. Epub 2017 Apr 2.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the clinical characteristics in adolescents newly diagnosed with ADHD. Method: Data of patients aged 7 to 17 years diagnosed with ADHD were collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (Group I) and children aged 7 to 12 years (Group II): 592 males and 231 females. Group I consists of 450 participants, and Group II consists of 373 participants. Results: Adolescents were predominantly inattentive (63.8%); most of Group II patients had combined or hyperactive ADHD (70.8%). Learning disorders were more common in adolescents (51.2% vs. 39.7%) and treated mainly with long-acting methylphenidate (MPH), and Group II patients were treated mainly with short- and medium-acting MPH. Newly diagnosed adolescents were less likely to exhibit behavioral comorbidities. Headache and insomnia were reported more in adolescents, and stimulant rebound effect was more in younger children. Conclusion: Although the biological nature of ADHD is similar in both age groups, the primary symptomatology and associated comorbidities are prone to age-dependent changes.

Keywords: ADHD; adolescents ADHD; comorbid psychopathology.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* / drug therapy
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants* / therapeutic use
  • Child
  • Comorbidity
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methylphenidate* / therapeutic use
  • Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Methylphenidate