The Doyle-Saleh blink reflex

J Laryngol Otol. 2017 Apr;131(4):347-349. doi: 10.1017/S0022215117000068. Epub 2017 Jan 23.

Abstract

Objectives: When performing septoplasty or septorhinoplasty, we have observed that patients blink on injection of local anaesthetic (lidocaine 1 per cent with adrenaline 1:80 000) into the nasal mucosa of the anterior septum or vestibular skin, despite appropriate general anaesthesia. This study sought to quantify this phenomenon by conducting a prospective audit of all patients undergoing septoplasty or septorhinoplasty.

Methods: Patients were observed for a blink reflex at the time of local anaesthetic infiltration into the nasal vestibule. Also measured at this point were propofol target-controlled infusion levels, remifentanil rate, bispectral index, blood pressure, heart rate, pupil size and position, and patient movement.

Results: There were 15 blink reflexes in the 30 patients observed. The average bispectral index value was 32.75 (range, 22-50) in the blink group and 26.77 (range, 18-49) in the non-blink group. No patients moved on local anaesthetic injection.

Conclusion: The blink reflex appears to occur in 50 per cent of patients, despite a deep level of anaesthesia. Without an understanding and appreciation of the blink reflex, this event may result in a request to deepen anaesthesia, but this is not necessary and surgery can proceed safely.

Keywords: Blink Reflex; Nasociliary Nerve; Rhinoplasty; Septoplasty.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anesthesia, General / methods
  • Anesthesia, Local / adverse effects*
  • Anesthesia, Local / methods
  • Anesthetics, Intravenous / administration & dosage
  • Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage
  • Anesthetics, Local / adverse effects*
  • Blinking / physiology*
  • Blood Pressure
  • Epinephrine / administration & dosage
  • Epinephrine / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Heart Rate
  • Humans
  • Lidocaine / administration & dosage
  • Lidocaine / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Movement
  • Nasal Cavity / surgery
  • Nasal Mucosa / drug effects
  • Nasal Septum / surgery
  • Nasal Surgical Procedures / methods*
  • Piperidines / administration & dosage
  • Propofol / administration & dosage
  • Prospective Studies
  • Reflex, Pupillary
  • Remifentanil

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Intravenous
  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Piperidines
  • Lidocaine
  • Remifentanil
  • Propofol
  • Epinephrine