Cardiac output monitoring: less invasiveness, less accuracy?

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. bernd.saugel@gmx.de.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
• ³ Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.