During September and November 1987, the authors surveyed the incidence of malaria fever in populations of a rural zone in Casamance and in adults as outpatients in an urban area. In these regions, the malaria is endemic with a recrudescence during the rainy season from July to October. In rural zone, 169 persons were examined. The malaria fevers represented 7.1% of the consultations and 23.3% of fevers. Differences were significantly observed between the parasitic densities of febrile and afebrile patients.