Barriers to and determinants of the use of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Cross River State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 May 4:16:99. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0883-2.

Abstract

Background: Malaria in pregnancy (MIP) has serious consequences for the woman, unborn child and newborn. The use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (SP-IPTp) is low in malaria endemic areas, including some regions of Nigeria. However, little is known about pregnant women's compliance with the SP-IPTp national guidelines in primary health care (PHC) facilities in the south-south region of Nigeria. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers to and determinants of the use of SP-IPTp among pregnant women attending ANC in PHC facilities in Cross River State, south-south region of Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 among 400 ANC attendees aged 15-49 years recruited through multistage sampling. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the use of SP-IPTp in the study population.

Results: Use of SP-IPTp was self-reported by 41% of the total respondents. Lack of autonomy in the households to receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) during ANC was the main barrier to use of IPTp (83%). Other barriers were stock-outs of free SP (33%) and poor supervision of SP ingestion by directly observed treatment among those who obtained SP from ANC clinics (36/110 = 33%). In the multivariate logistic regression, the odds of using SP-IPTp was increased by the knowledge of the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.70-3.73) and SP (OR = 22.13, 95% CI: 8.10-43.20) for the prevention of MIP. Use of ITNs also increased the odds of using SP-IPTp (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.24-12.31).

Conclusions: Use of SP-IPTp was low and was associated with knowledge of the use of ITNs and SP as well as the use of ITNs for the prevention of MIP. There is a need to strengthen PHC systems and address barriers to the usage of SP-IPTp in order to reduce the burden of MIP.

Keywords: Barriers; Cross River State; Determinants; Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy; Nigeria; Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; Use.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Antimalarials / therapeutic use
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Drug Combinations
  • Family Characteristics
  • Female
  • Health Services Accessibility / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Insecticide-Treated Bednets / statistics & numerical data
  • Logistic Models
  • Malaria / prevention & control*
  • Middle Aged
  • Nigeria
  • Patient Compliance / statistics & numerical data*
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / prevention & control*
  • Prenatal Care / statistics & numerical data
  • Pyrimethamine / therapeutic use
  • Sulfadoxine / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antimalarials
  • Drug Combinations
  • fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination
  • Sulfadoxine
  • Pyrimethamine