Six-year mortality in a street-recruited cohort of homeless youth in San Francisco, California

Colette L Auerswald; Jessica S Lin; Andrea Parriott

doi:10.7717/peerj.1909

Six-year mortality in a street-recruited cohort of homeless youth in San Francisco, California

PeerJ. 2016 Apr 14:4:e1909. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1909. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Colette L Auerswald¹, Jessica S Lin², Andrea Parriott³

Affiliations

¹ University of California Berkeley-University of California at San Francisco Joint Medical Program, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA , United States.
² School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA , United States.
³ Phillip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , United States.

Abstract

Objectives. The mortality rate of a street-recruited homeless youth cohort in the United States has not yet been reported. We examined the six-year mortality rate for a cohort of street youth recruited from San Francisco street venues in 2004. Methods. Using data collected from a longitudinal, venue-based sample of street youth 15-24 years of age, we calculated age, race, and gender-adjusted mortality rates. Results. Of a sample of 218 participants, 11 died from enrollment in 2004 to December 31, 2010. The majority of deaths were due to suicide and/or substance abuse. The death rate was 9.6 deaths per hundred thousand person-years. The age, race and gender-adjusted standardized mortality ratio was 10.6 (95% CI [5.3-18.9]). Gender specific SMRs were 16.1 (95% CI [3.3-47.1]) for females and 9.4 (95% CI [4.0-18.4]) for males. Conclusions. Street-recruited homeless youth in San Francisco experience a mortality rate in excess of ten times that of the state's general youth population. Services and programs, particularly housing, mental health and substance abuse interventions, are urgently needed to prevent premature mortality in this vulnerable population.

Keywords: Homeless youth; Longitudinal; Mortality; Street sample; United states.

Grants and funding

The research described in this paper was conducted with support from the National Institute of Child Health and Development (K-23, HD 0149003), the University of California at San Francisco Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee and Committee on Research (PI: C. Auerswald), Health Resources and Services Administration Title IV/Ryan White Funds (Larkin Street Youth Services), and the University of California, San Francisco Department of Pediatrics Chairman’s Funds. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.