Abstract
Sex hormones promote immunoregulatory effects on multiple sclerosis. The current study evaluated estrogen effects on regulatory B cells and resident CNS microglia during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we demonstrate an estrogen-dependent induction of multiple regulatory B cell markers indicative of IL-10 dependent as well as IFN-γ dependent pathways. Moreover, although estrogen pretreatment of EAE mice inhibited the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells into the CNS, it enhanced the frequency of regulatory B cells and M2 microglia. Our study suggests that estrogen has a broad effect on the development of regulatory B cells during EAE, which in turn could promote neuroprotection.
Keywords:
EAE; Estrogen; IFN-γ; IL-10; Microglia; Regulatory B cell.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Animals
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B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / drug effects*
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B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / metabolism
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Brain / pathology
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Cell Proliferation / drug effects
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Cytokines / genetics
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Cytokines / metabolism
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Disease Models, Animal
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Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / chemically induced
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Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / drug therapy*
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Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / pathology*
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Estradiol / therapeutic use*
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Freund's Adjuvant / toxicity
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Leukocytes / drug effects
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Leukocytes / metabolism
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Microglia / drug effects*
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Microglia / metabolism
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Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / immunology
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Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein / toxicity
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Peptide Fragments / immunology
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Peptide Fragments / toxicity
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Pertussis Toxin / toxicity
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Spinal Cord / cytology
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Spleen / cytology
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Statistics, Nonparametric
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Time Factors
Substances
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Cytokines
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Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
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Peptide Fragments
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RNA, Messenger
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myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)
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Estradiol
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Freund's Adjuvant
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Pertussis Toxin