Renoprotective effect of the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor topiroxostat on adenine-induced renal injury

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016 Jun 1;310(11):F1366-76. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00517.2015. Epub 2016 Mar 30.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of a xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitor, topiroxostat (Top), compared with another inhibitor, febuxostat (Feb), in an adenine-induced renal injury model. We used human liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) chromosomal transgenic mice, and urinary L-FABP, a biomarker of tubulointerstitial damage, was used to evaluate tubulointerstitial damage. Male transgenic mice (n = 24) were fed a 0.2% (wt/wt) adenine-containing diet. Two weeks after the start of this diet, renal dysfunction was confirmed, and the mice were divided into the following four groups: the adenine group was given only the diet containing adenine, and the Feb, high-dose Top (Top-H), and low-dose Top (Top-L) groups were given diets containing Feb (3 mg/kg), Top-H (3 mg/kg), and Top-L (1 mg/kg) in addition to adenine for another 2 wk. After withdrawal of the adenine diet, each medication was continued for 2 wk. Serum creatinine levels, the degree of macrophage infiltration, tubulointerstitial damage, renal fibrosis, urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane levels, and renal XOR activity were significantly attenuated in the kidneys of the Feb, Top-L, and Top-H groups compared with the adenine group. Serum creatinine levels in the Top-L and Top-H groups as well as renal XOR in the Top-H group were significantly lower than those in the Feb group. Urinary excretion of L-FABP in both the Top-H and Top-L groups was significantly lower than in the adenine and Feb groups. In conclusion, Top attenuated renal damage in an adenine-induced renal injury model.

Keywords: adenine; liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; topiroxostat; tubulointerstitial damage; xanthine oxidoreductase; xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenine
  • Animals
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Febuxostat / pharmacology
  • Febuxostat / therapeutic use*
  • Kidney / drug effects*
  • Kidney / metabolism
  • Kidney / pathology
  • Kidney Diseases / chemically induced
  • Kidney Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Kidney Diseases / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Nitriles / pharmacology
  • Nitriles / therapeutic use*
  • Pyridines / pharmacology
  • Pyridines / therapeutic use*
  • Xanthine Dehydrogenase / antagonists & inhibitors*

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Fabp1 protein, mouse
  • Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
  • Nitriles
  • Pyridines
  • FYX-051
  • Febuxostat
  • Xanthine Dehydrogenase
  • Adenine