Observation of Transverse Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations of Charged Pion Pairs in p^{↑}+p at sqrt[s]=200 GeV

L Adamczyk; J K Adkins; G Agakishiev; M M Aggarwal; Z Ahammed; I Alekseev; J Alford; A Aparin; D Arkhipkin; E C Aschenauer; G S Averichev; A Banerjee; R Bellwied; A Bhasin; A K Bhati; P Bhattarai; J Bielcik; J Bielcikova; L C Bland; I G Bordyuzhin; J Bouchet; A V Brandin; I Bunzarov; T P Burton; J Butterworth; H Caines; M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez; J M Campbell; D Cebra; M C Cervantes; I Chakaberia; P Chaloupka; Z Chang; S Chattopadhyay; J H Chen; X Chen; J Cheng; M Cherney; W Christie; G Contin; H J Crawford; S Das; L C De Silva; R R Debbe; T G Dedovich; J Deng; A A Derevschikov; B di Ruzza; L Didenko; C Dilks; X Dong; J L Drachenberg; J E Draper; C M Du; L E Dunkelberger; J C Dunlop; L G Efimov; J Engelage; G Eppley; R Esha; O Evdokimov; O Eyser; R Fatemi; S Fazio; P Federic; J Fedorisin; Z Feng; P Filip; Y Fisyak; C E Flores; L Fulek; C A Gagliardi; D Garand; F Geurts; A Gibson; M Girard; L Greiner; D Grosnick; D S Gunarathne; Y Guo; S Gupta; A Gupta; W Guryn; A Hamad; A Hamed; R Haque; J W Harris; L He; S Heppelmann; S Heppelmann; A Hirsch; G W Hoffmann; D J Hofman; S Horvat; B Huang; X Huang; H Z Huang; P Huck; T J Humanic; G Igo; W W Jacobs; H Jang; K Jiang; E G Judd; S Kabana; D Kalinkin; K Kang; K Kauder; H W Ke; D Keane; A Kechechyan; Z H Khan; D P Kikola; I Kisel; A Kisiel; L Kochenda; D D Koetke; T Kollegger; L K Kosarzewski; A F Kraishan; P Kravtsov; K Krueger; I Kulakov; L Kumar; R A Kycia; M A C Lamont; J M Landgraf; K D Landry; J Lauret; A Lebedev; R Lednicky; J H Lee; X Li; C Li; W Li; Z M Li; Y Li; X Li; M A Lisa; F Liu; T Ljubicic; W J Llope; M Lomnitz; R S Longacre; X Luo; Y G Ma; G L Ma; L Ma; R Ma; N Magdy; R Majka; A Manion; S Margetis; C Markert; H Masui; H S Matis; D McDonald; K Meehan; N G Minaev; S Mioduszewski; B Mohanty; M M Mondal; D Morozov; M K Mustafa; B K Nandi; Md Nasim; T K Nayak; G Nigmatkulov; L V Nogach; S Y Noh; J Novak; S B Nurushev; G Odyniec; A Ogawa; K Oh; V Okorokov; D Olvitt; B S Page; R Pak; Y X Pan; Y Pandit; Y Panebratsev; B Pawlik; H Pei; C Perkins; A Peterson; P Pile; M Planinic; J Pluta; N Poljak; K Poniatowska; J Porter; M Posik; A M Poskanzer; N K Pruthi; J Putschke; H Qiu; A Quintero; S Ramachandran; R Raniwala; S Raniwala; R L Ray; H G Ritter; J B Roberts; O V Rogachevskiy; J L Romero; A Roy; L Ruan; J Rusnak; O Rusnakova; N R Sahoo; P K Sahu; I Sakrejda; S Salur; J Sandweiss; A Sarkar; J Schambach; R P Scharenberg; A M Schmah; W B Schmidke; N Schmitz; J Seger; P Seyboth; N Shah; E Shahaliev; P V Shanmuganathan; M Shao; M K Sharma; B Sharma; W Q Shen; S S Shi; Q Y Shou; E P Sichtermann; R Sikora; M Simko; M J Skoby; D Smirnov; N Smirnov; L Song; P Sorensen; H M Spinka; B Srivastava; T D S Stanislaus; M Stepanov; R Stock; M Strikhanov; B Stringfellow; M Sumbera; B Summa; X Sun; Z Sun; X M Sun; Y Sun; B Surrow; N Svirida; M A Szelezniak; A H Tang; Z Tang; T Tarnowsky; A N Tawfik; J H Thomas; A R Timmins; D Tlusty; M Tokarev; S Trentalange; R E Tribble; P Tribedy; S K Tripathy; B A Trzeciak; O D Tsai; T Ullrich; D G Underwood; I Upsal; G Van Buren; G van Nieuwenhuizen; M Vandenbroucke; R Varma; A N Vasiliev; R Vertesi; F Videbæk; Y P Viyogi; S Vokal; S A Voloshin; A Vossen; G Wang; Y Wang; F Wang; Y Wang; H Wang; J S Wang; J C Webb; G Webb; L Wen; G D Westfall; H Wieman; S W Wissink; R Witt; Y F Wu; Z G Xiao; W Xie; K Xin; Q H Xu; Z Xu; H Xu; N Xu; Y F Xu; Q Yang; Y Yang; S Yang; Y Yang; C Yang; Z Ye; P Yepes; L Yi; K Yip; I-K Yoo; N Yu; H Zbroszczyk; W Zha; X P Zhang; J Zhang; Y Zhang; J Zhang; J B Zhang; S Zhang; Z Zhang; J Zhao; C Zhong; L Zhou; X Zhu; Y Zoulkarneeva; M Zyzak; STAR Collaboration

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.242501

Observation of Transverse Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations of Charged Pion Pairs in p^{↑}+p at sqrt[s]=200 GeV

Phys Rev Lett. 2015 Dec 11;115(24):242501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.242501. Epub 2015 Dec 8.

Authors

L Adamczyk¹, J K Adkins², G Agakishiev³, M M Aggarwal⁴, Z Ahammed⁵, I Alekseev⁶, J Alford⁷, A Aparin³, D Arkhipkin⁸, E C Aschenauer⁸, G S Averichev³, A Banerjee⁵, R Bellwied⁹, A Bhasin¹⁰, A K Bhati⁴, P Bhattarai¹¹, J Bielcik¹², J Bielcikova¹³, L C Bland⁸, I G Bordyuzhin⁶, J Bouchet⁷, A V Brandin¹⁴, I Bunzarov³, T P Burton⁸, J Butterworth¹⁵, H Caines¹⁶, M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez¹⁷, J M Campbell¹⁸, D Cebra¹⁷, M C Cervantes¹⁹, I Chakaberia⁸, P Chaloupka¹², Z Chang¹⁹, S Chattopadhyay⁵, J H Chen²⁰, X Chen²¹, J Cheng²², M Cherney²³, W Christie⁸, G Contin²⁴, H J Crawford²⁵, S Das²⁶, L C De Silva²³, R R Debbe⁸, T G Dedovich³, J Deng²⁷, A A Derevschikov²⁸, B di Ruzza⁸, L Didenko⁸, C Dilks²⁹, X Dong²⁴, J L Drachenberg³⁰, J E Draper¹⁷, C M Du²¹, L E Dunkelberger³¹, J C Dunlop⁸, L G Efimov³, J Engelage²⁵, G Eppley¹⁵, R Esha³¹, O Evdokimov³², O Eyser⁸, R Fatemi², S Fazio⁸, P Federic¹³, J Fedorisin³, Z Feng³³, P Filip³, Y Fisyak⁸, C E Flores¹⁷, L Fulek¹, C A Gagliardi¹⁹, D Garand³⁴, F Geurts¹⁵, A Gibson³⁰, M Girard³⁵, L Greiner²⁴, D Grosnick³⁰, D S Gunarathne³⁶, Y Guo³⁷, S Gupta¹⁰, A Gupta¹⁰, W Guryn⁸, A Hamad⁷, A Hamed¹⁹, R Haque³⁸, J W Harris¹⁶, L He³⁴, S Heppelmann²⁹, S Heppelmann⁸, A Hirsch³⁴, G W Hoffmann¹¹, D J Hofman³², S Horvat¹⁶, B Huang³², X Huang²², H Z Huang³¹, P Huck³³, T J Humanic¹⁸, G Igo³¹, W W Jacobs³⁹, H Jang⁴⁰, K Jiang³⁷, E G Judd²⁵, S Kabana⁷, D Kalinkin⁶, K Kang²², K Kauder⁴¹, H W Ke⁸, D Keane⁷, A Kechechyan³, Z H Khan³², D P Kikola³⁵, I Kisel⁴², A Kisiel³⁵, L Kochenda¹⁴, D D Koetke³⁰, T Kollegger⁴², L K Kosarzewski³⁵, A F Kraishan³⁶, P Kravtsov¹⁴, K Krueger⁴³, I Kulakov⁴², L Kumar⁴, R A Kycia⁴⁴, M A C Lamont⁸, J M Landgraf⁸, K D Landry³¹, J Lauret⁸, A Lebedev⁸, R Lednicky³, J H Lee⁸, X Li⁸, C Li³⁷, W Li²⁰, Z M Li³³, Y Li²², X Li³⁶, M A Lisa¹⁸, F Liu³³, T Ljubicic⁸, W J Llope⁴¹, M Lomnitz⁷, R S Longacre⁸, X Luo³³, Y G Ma²⁰, G L Ma²⁰, L Ma²⁰, R Ma⁸, N Magdy⁴⁵, R Majka¹⁶, A Manion²⁴, S Margetis⁷, C Markert¹¹, H Masui²⁴, H S Matis²⁴, D McDonald⁹, K Meehan¹⁷, N G Minaev²⁸, S Mioduszewski¹⁹, B Mohanty³⁸, M M Mondal¹⁹, D Morozov²⁸, M K Mustafa²⁴, B K Nandi⁴⁶, Md Nasim³¹, T K Nayak⁵, G Nigmatkulov¹⁴, L V Nogach²⁸, S Y Noh⁴⁰, J Novak⁴⁷, S B Nurushev²⁸, G Odyniec²⁴, A Ogawa⁸, K Oh⁴⁸, V Okorokov¹⁴, D Olvitt³⁶, B S Page⁸, R Pak⁸, Y X Pan³¹, Y Pandit³², Y Panebratsev³, B Pawlik⁴⁴, H Pei³³, C Perkins²⁵, A Peterson¹⁸, P Pile⁸, M Planinic⁴⁹, J Pluta³⁵, N Poljak⁴⁹, K Poniatowska³⁵, J Porter²⁴, M Posik³⁶, A M Poskanzer²⁴, N K Pruthi⁴, J Putschke⁴¹, H Qiu²⁴, A Quintero⁷, S Ramachandran², R Raniwala⁵⁰, S Raniwala⁵⁰, R L Ray¹¹, H G Ritter²⁴, J B Roberts¹⁵, O V Rogachevskiy³, J L Romero¹⁷, A Roy⁵, L Ruan⁸, J Rusnak¹³, O Rusnakova¹², N R Sahoo¹⁹, P K Sahu²⁶, I Sakrejda²⁴, S Salur²⁴, J Sandweiss¹⁶, A Sarkar⁴⁶, J Schambach¹¹, R P Scharenberg³⁴, A M Schmah²⁴, W B Schmidke⁸, N Schmitz⁵¹, J Seger²³, P Seyboth⁵¹, N Shah³¹, E Shahaliev³, P V Shanmuganathan⁷, M Shao³⁷, M K Sharma¹⁰, B Sharma⁴, W Q Shen²⁰, S S Shi³³, Q Y Shou²⁰, E P Sichtermann²⁴, R Sikora¹, M Simko¹³, M J Skoby³⁹, D Smirnov⁸, N Smirnov¹⁶, L Song⁹, P Sorensen⁸, H M Spinka⁴³, B Srivastava³⁴, T D S Stanislaus³⁰, M Stepanov³⁴, R Stock⁴², M Strikhanov¹⁴, B Stringfellow³⁴, M Sumbera¹³, B Summa²⁹, X Sun²⁴, Z Sun²¹, X M Sun³³, Y Sun³⁷, B Surrow³⁶, N Svirida⁶, M A Szelezniak²⁴, A H Tang⁸, Z Tang³⁷, T Tarnowsky⁴⁷, A N Tawfik⁴⁵, J H Thomas²⁴, A R Timmins⁹, D Tlusty¹³, M Tokarev³, S Trentalange³¹, R E Tribble¹⁹, P Tribedy⁵, S K Tripathy²⁶, B A Trzeciak¹², O D Tsai³¹, T Ullrich⁸, D G Underwood⁴³, I Upsal¹⁸, G Van Buren⁸, G van Nieuwenhuizen⁸, M Vandenbroucke³⁶, R Varma⁴⁶, A N Vasiliev²⁸, R Vertesi¹³, F Videbæk⁸, Y P Viyogi⁵, S Vokal³, S A Voloshin⁴¹, A Vossen³⁹, G Wang³¹, Y Wang³³, F Wang³⁴, Y Wang²², H Wang⁸, J S Wang²¹, J C Webb⁸, G Webb⁸, L Wen³¹, G D Westfall⁴⁷, H Wieman²⁴, S W Wissink³⁹, R Witt⁵², Y F Wu³³, Z G Xiao²², W Xie³⁴, K Xin¹⁵, Q H Xu²⁷, Z Xu⁸, H Xu²¹, N Xu²⁴, Y F Xu²⁰, Q Yang³⁷, Y Yang²¹, S Yang³⁷, Y Yang³³, C Yang³⁷, Z Ye³², P Yepes¹⁵, L Yi³⁴, K Yip⁸, I-K Yoo⁴⁸, N Yu³³, H Zbroszczyk³⁵, W Zha³⁷, X P Zhang²², J Zhang²⁷, Y Zhang³⁷, J Zhang²¹, J B Zhang³³, S Zhang²⁰, Z Zhang²⁰, J Zhao³³, C Zhong²⁰, L Zhou³⁷, X Zhu²², Y Zoulkarneeva³, M Zyzak⁴²; STAR Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 30-059, Poland.
² University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506-0055, USA.
³ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141 980, Russia.
⁴ Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
⁵ Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
⁶ Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia.
⁷ Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
⁸ Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
⁹ University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
¹⁰ University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
¹¹ University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
¹² Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague, 115 19, Czech Republic.
¹³ Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, 250 68 Řež/Prague, Czech Republic.
¹⁴ Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia.
¹⁵ Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
¹⁶ Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
¹⁷ University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
¹⁸ Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁹ Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
²⁰ Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China.
²¹ Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China.
²² Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
²³ Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA.
²⁴ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
²⁵ University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
²⁶ Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
²⁷ Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
²⁸ Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.
²⁹ Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
³⁰ Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA.
³¹ University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
³² University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
³³ Central China Normal University (HZNU), Wuhan 430079, China.
³⁴ Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
³⁵ Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.
³⁶ Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
³⁷ University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
³⁸ National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.
³⁹ Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA.
⁴⁰ Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.
⁴¹ Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
⁴² Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
⁴³ Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
⁴⁴ Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland.
⁴⁵ World Laboratory for Cosmology and Particle Physics (WLCAPP), Cairo 11571, Egypt.
⁴⁶ Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai 400076, India.
⁴⁷ Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
⁴⁸ Pusan National University, Pusan 609735, Republic of Korea.
⁴⁹ University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-10002, Croatia.
⁵⁰ University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
⁵¹ Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.
⁵² United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA.

PMID: 26705627
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.242501

Abstract

We report the observation of transverse polarization-dependent azimuthal correlations in charged pion pair production with the STAR experiment in p^{↑}+p collisions at RHIC. These correlations directly probe quark transversity distributions. We measure signals in excess of 5 standard deviations at high transverse momenta, at high pseudorapidities η>0.5, and for pair masses around the mass of the ρ meson. This is the first direct transversity measurement in p+p collisions.