Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) represents the epitome of acquired bleeding diseases for the hematologist. Stemming from the interest for the safety of thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (TPO-ra) romiplostim and eltrombopag, recent data have investigated if thrombotic risk is also increased in this disorder. In patients not treated with TPO-ra, a slightly higher risk of venous thrombosis (VTE) is consistently found in ITP, but not to a rate demanding special attention in the generality of cases. No significant increase of arterial thrombosis (AT) is apparent. However, age, splenectomy, and personal risk factors may put some ITP patient to a particularly higher risk of venous and arterial thrombosis (three to four times higher than the average subject). Patients exposed to TPO-ra present indirect evidence of a much higher risk of both AT and VTE. Unfortunately, no matched control population is available and the prospective and registrative nature of these studies may have emphasized the incidence of thrombosis, which was recorded as adverse event. The clinician should be able to individualize the best treatment for the patient, taking also into account the thrombotic risk, limiting active treatment of ITP to those patients really at risk of bleeding.
© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.