Objectives: Specify urinary functional impairment associated with diabetic pathology. Propose guidance for screening, monitoring of clinical signs of lower urinary tract (LUTS) and describe the specifics of the urological treatment of patients.
Methods: A review of literature using PubMed library was performed using the following keywords alone or in combination: "diabetes mellitus", "diabetic cystopathy", "overactive bladder", "bladder dysfunction", "urodynamics", "nocturia".
Results: LUTS are more common in the diabetic population with an estimated prevalence between 37 and 70 %, and are probably underevaluated in routine practice. They are heterogeneous and are frequently associated with other diabetic complications. Both storage and voiding symptoms can coexist. Despite a major evaluation in the literature, no recommendation supervises the assessment and management of LUTS in this specific population. An annual screening including medical history, bladder and kidney ultrasound and post-void residual measurement is required in the follow-up of diabetic patients. Specific urologial referral and urodynamic investigations will be performed according to the findings of first-line investigations. The type of bladder dysfunction, the risk of urinary tract infections and dysautonomia should be considered in the specific urological management of these patients.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly impacts on the lower urinary tract function. A screening of LUTS is required as well as other complications of diabetes. The management of LUTS must take into consideration the specific risks of the diabetic patient regarding the loss of bladder contractility, the possibility of dysautonomia and infectious complications.
Keywords: Bladder dysfunction; Contractilité vésicale; Cystopathie diabétique; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic cystopathy; Diabète sucré; Hyperactivité vésicale; Nocturia; Nycturie; Overactive bladder; Urodynamics; Urodynamique.
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