Outcome in patients treated with isolated liver transplantation for familial transthyretin amyloidosis to prevent cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background: Familial transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is caused by different TTR mutations resulting in different clinical phenotypes of the disease. The Leu111Met mutation causes severe restrictive cardiomyopathy. Liver transplantation (LTx) is an established treatment option for patients with TTR amyloidosis; however, information on outcome after isolated LTx in patients with Leu111Met mutation amyloidosis is limited.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2012, six patients with TTR Leu111Met amyloidosis underwent isolated orthotopic LTx. None suffered from neuropathy. Prior to LTx, patients presented with echocardiographic manifestations of early cardiac amyloid involvement and in five endomyocardial biopsy was positive for TTR amyloid.

Results: Median age at LTx was 45.5 yr (range 39-54), and four were male (67%). All patients were alive at a median follow-up of 56.6 months (range 18-104). No surgical complications occurred. Two patients (33%) underwent cardiac transplantation during follow-up due to progressive cardiomyopathy. The remaining four patients experienced no echocardiographic or clinical deterioration of cardiac function following LTx.

Conclusion: Isolated LTx appears to be a valuable treatment option for patients with familial TTR amyloidosis due to Leu111Met mutation. Appropriate timing of LTx is of utmost importance to avoid development of severe amyloid cardiomyopathy and the need for combined heart and liver transplantation.

Keywords: Leu111Met; amyloidosis; cardiomyopathy; heart transplantation; liver transplantation; mutation; transthyretin.