Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may be obtained from the bone marrow, have been studied for more than a decade in the setting of coronary artery disease (CAD). Adipose tissue-derived MSCs have recently come into focus and are being tested in a series of clinical trials. MSC-like cells have also been derived from a variety of sources, including umbilical cord stroma, or HUC-MSCs. The HUC-HEART trail (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02323477) is a phase 1/2, controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical study of the intramyocardial delivery of allogeneic HUC-MSCs in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. A total of 79 patients (ages 30-80) with left ventricle ejection fractions ranging between 25 and 45% will be randomized in a 2:1:1 pattern in order to receive an intramyocardial injection of either HUC-MSCs or autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) in combination with coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The control group of patients will receive no cells and undergo CABG alone. Human HUC-MSCs will be isolated, propagated and banked in accordance with a cGMP protocol, whereas the autologous BM-MNCs will be isolated via aspiration from the iliac crest and subsequently process in a closed-circuit cell purification system shortly before cell transplantation. The cell injections will be implemented in 10 peri-infarct areas. Baseline and post-transplantation outcome measures will be primarily utilized to test both the safety and the efficacy of the administered cells for up to 12 months.