The N-terminal domain of Npro of classical swine fever virus determines its stability and regulates type I IFN production

J Gen Virol. 2015 Jul;96(Pt 7):1746-56. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000132. Epub 2015 Mar 25.

Abstract

The viral protein Npro is unique to the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. After autocatalytic cleavage from the nascent polyprotein, Npro suppresses type I IFN (IFN-α/β) induction by mediating proteasomal degradation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3). Previous studies found that the Npro-mediated IRF-3 degradation was dependent of a TRASH domain in the C-terminal half of Npro coordinating zinc by means of the amino acid residues C112, C134, D136 and C138. Interestingly, four classical swine fever virus (CSFV) isolates obtained from diseased pigs in Thailand in 1993 and 1998 did not suppress IFN-α/β induction despite the presence of an intact TRASH domain. Through systematic analyses, it was found that an amino acid mutation at position 40 or mutations at positions 17 and 61 in the N-terminal half of Npro of these four isolates were related to the lack of IRF-3-degrading activity. Restoring a histidine at position 40 or both a proline at position 17 and a lysine at position 61 based on the sequence of a functional Npro contributed to higher stability of the reconstructed Npro compared with the Npro from the Thai isolate. This led to enhanced interaction of Npro with IRF-3 along with its degradation by the proteasome. The results of the present study revealed that amino acid residues in the N-terminal domain of Npro are involved in the stability of Npro, in interaction of Npro with IRF-3 and subsequent degradation of IRF-3, leading to downregulation of IFN-α/β production.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Animals
  • Classical Swine Fever / virology
  • Classical Swine Fever Virus / genetics
  • Classical Swine Fever Virus / immunology*
  • Classical Swine Fever Virus / isolation & purification
  • DNA Mutational Analysis
  • Down-Regulation
  • Endopeptidases / chemistry*
  • Endopeptidases / genetics
  • Endopeptidases / immunology*
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions*
  • Interferon Regulatory Factors / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Interferon Type I / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Mutant Proteins / chemistry
  • Mutant Proteins / genetics
  • Mutant Proteins / immunology
  • Mutation, Missense
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Interaction Mapping
  • Protein Stability
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Swine
  • Thailand
  • Viral Proteins / chemistry*
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / immunology*

Substances

  • Interferon Regulatory Factors
  • Interferon Type I
  • Mutant Proteins
  • Viral Proteins
  • Endopeptidases
  • N(pro) protein, swine fever virus