Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is a major therapeutic target for AD. It is proposed that removal of Aβ in blood can facilitate Aβ clearance from the brain, representing a promising therapeutic approach for AD. However, the efficacy and mechanisms for Aβ clearance by peripheral organs and tissues remain largely unknown. In the present study, 47 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (16 newly diagnosed patients who had never been dialyzed and 31 patients who were receiving dialysis) and 43 normal controls (NC) were enrolled. We found that serum Aβ levels were significantly higher in CKD patients than NC. CKD patients who were receiving dialysis had lower serum Aβ levels than patients without receiving dialysis, being comparable to NC. Furthermore, serum Aβ levels were correlated with renal functions reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and residual GFR (rGFR). Our study suggests that kidney is involved in peripheral clearance of Aβ, and dialysis might be a potential therapeutic approach of Aβ removal.