Common distal elements orchestrate CIITA isoform-specific expression in multiple cell types

Genes Immun. 2014 Dec;15(8):543-55. doi: 10.1038/gene.2014.49. Epub 2014 Aug 7.

Abstract

Major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) expression is critical for immune responses and is controlled by the MHC-II transactivator CIITA. CIITA is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level and is expressed from three main promoters with myeloid, lymphoid and interferon (IFN)-γ-treated non-hematopoietic cells using promoters pI, pIII and pIV, respectively. Recent studies in non-hematopoietic cells suggest that a series of distal regulatory elements may be involved in regulating CIITA transcription. To identify distal elements in B cells, a DNase I hypersensitivity screen was performed, revealing a series of potential novel regulatory elements. These elements were analyzed computationally and biochemically. Several regions displayed active histone modifications and/or enhanced expression of a reporter gene. Four of the elements interacted with pIII in B cells. These same four regions were also found to interact with pI in splenic dendritic cells (spDC). Intriguingly, examination of the above interactions in pI-knockout-derived spDC showed a switch to the next available promoter, pIII. Extensive DNA methylation was found at the pI region in B cells, suggesting that this promoter is not accessible in B cells. Thus, CIITA expression is likely mediated in hematopoietic cells by common elements with promoter accessibility having a part in promoter choice.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Binding Sites / genetics
  • CCCTC-Binding Factor
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cells, Cultured
  • DNA Methylation
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Deoxyribonuclease I / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation*
  • Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Models, Genetic
  • Myeloid Cells / metabolism
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics*
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics*
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Isoforms / genetics
  • Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / genetics*
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism
  • Trans-Activators / genetics*

Substances

  • CCCTC-Binding Factor
  • Ctcf protein, mouse
  • MHC class II transactivator protein
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Trans-Activators
  • Deoxyribonuclease I