Object: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become accepted therapy for intractable dystonia and other movement disorders. The accurate placement of DBS electrodes into the globus pallidus internus is assisted by unimpaired microelectrode recordings (MERs). Many anesthetic and sedative drugs interfere with MERs, requiring the patient to be awake for target localization and neurological testing during the procedure. In this study, a novel anesthetic technique was investigated in pediatric DBS to preserve MERs.
Methods: In this paper, the authors describe a sedative/anesthetic technique using ketamine, remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, and nicardipine in 6 pediatric patients, in whom the avoidance of GABAergic stimulating drugs permitted excellent surgical conditions with no detrimental effects on intraoperative MERs. The quality of the MERs, and the frequency of its use in making electrode placement decisions, was reviewed.
Results: All 6 patients had good-quality MERs. The data were of sufficient quality to make a total of 9 trajectory adjustments.
Conclusions: Microelectrode recordings in pediatric DBS can be preserved with a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine, remifentanil, and nicardipine. This preservation of MERs is particularly crucial in electrode placement in children.
Keywords: DBS = deep brain stimulation; GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid; GPi = globus pallidus internus; LMA = laryngeal mask anesthesia; MER = microelectrode recording; anesthesia; deep brain stimulation; functional neurosurgery; microelectrode recording; sedative.