Image-guided radiation therapy based on helical tomotherapy in prostate cancer: minimizing toxicity

Oncol Res Treat. 2014;37(6):324-30. doi: 10.1159/000362858. Epub 2014 May 12.

Abstract

Background: We report the clinical results and prognostic factors of image-guided radiation therapy (RT) with helical tomotherapy (HT) for localized and recurrent prostate cancer (PC).

Patients and methods: We evaluated 70 patients with PC (primary diagnosis, n = 48; adjuvant, n = 5; salvage, n = 17) treated with HT from May 2006 through January 2011. The dose prescribed to the prostate/surgical bed ranged between 60 and 78 Gy. Potential risk factors for genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were assessed.

Results: The median age was 68 years (range 51-87 years). The median follow-up was 37 months (range 3-74 months). The rates of acute grade 2 GI and GU toxicities were 10 and 13%, respectively. Only 1 patient experienced acute grade 3 GU toxicity. The rates of late grade ≥ 2 GI and GU toxicities were 1% each. Multivariate analysis showed an association between rectum mean dose > median (39 Gy) and bladder median dose > median (46 Gy) with a higher grade of acute GI (p = 0.017) and GU (p = 0.019) toxicity, respectively. Additionally, older age was associated with late GU toxicity (p = 0.026).

Conclusion: Toxicity with HT is low and is associated with higher median/mean doses in organs at risk as well as with older age. A prospective validation would be necessary to confirm these results.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / etiology*
  • Gastrointestinal Diseases / prevention & control
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Male Urogenital Diseases / etiology*
  • Male Urogenital Diseases / prevention & control
  • Middle Aged
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / radiotherapy*
  • Radiation Injuries / etiology*
  • Radiation Injuries / prevention & control
  • Radiation Protection / methods
  • Radiotherapy Dosage
  • Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / adverse effects
  • Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / methods*
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / adverse effects*
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / methods*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tomography, Spiral Computed / methods
  • Treatment Outcome